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Human Rights - LGBT
Realized by: Ierinò Francesco, La Rosa Sofia, Licitra Simone, Mazza Alessia, Morando Fausto, Vargetto Vito
Human Rights
Human Rights
Human rights are norms and moral principles that describe standards of human behavior, inherent to all humans, it does not matter what is your race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status and everyone is entitled to these rights, without discrimination. Moreover, these rights can be applied everywhere and every time, they are inalienable and impose on people to respect each other.
Many documents mention these rights. The most famous one is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which contain 30 human rights; for example, there is also the English Bill of Rights that in the 1689 in England, defined main subjects’ rights, or the Magna Carta as well. However, over the years new treaties and bodies has been created, in order to eliminate rights violations as much as possible.
Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of speech, the right to work and education, freedom of religion, sexual freedom, and many more.
Vladimir Luxuria
Vladimir Luxuria
Vladimir Luxuria, born as Wladimirio Guadagno in Foggia on June 24, 1965, is an activist, writer, actress, singer and an ex italian politician. She had become the first transgender person to be elected to the parliament of a European state.
Gender identity
She defines herself as a transgender, her gender doesn't correspond to the sex of birth. She's done several plastic operations, declaring: "This is a gender adjustment. I adapt my exteriority to my interiority".
Luxuria was the promoter and first signatory of the bill n. 2733 of 2007 entitled The rights of trangender people.
LGBT activism
In the late 1980s, she started to fight for the rights of the LGBT community. She joined the Mario Mieli Association (about homosexual culture), she became the director and she created the "serata Muccassassina". It was one of the most famous events in Rome, where participated famous people such as David LaChapelle and Alexander McQueen. Luxuria also organized the first gay pride in Italy, which was held in Rome on 2th July 1994, with the participation of ten thousand people. In 2011 she gained the Gay Village Award as the most popular LGBT activist.
Humanitarian missions
In 2009 Luxuria went on a mission with UNICEF in Mozambique to visit the project which she had chosen to donate the 100,000 euros she had won on the reality show “L’isola dei famosi”. Luxuria had chosen the UNICEF project "Protect orphaned children from AIDS" because «I believe that no one more than an orphan child is in a situation of total poverty».
Visit to an elementary school
Vladmir saw that in this elementary school there weren't the primary need necessities as the food for lunch and eletricity. Teachers couldn’t recognize the majority of the children because of the overcrowding of the classrooms and the number of children who drop out or begin the school.
Visit hospital
Luxuria met some sad and suffering mothers with their children. In intensive care there was Enoque, a small and tiny orphan who was fighting against the death. “I have a lot of anger on me” – said Luxuria. She wanted to adopt him but in Italy it wasn’t possible for a transgender to adopt a child.
Meeting with some “journalists”
Those journalists were very young (12-16 years). They do a radio program for children. They asked her lots of questions, but one of them made her cry: "What was the most touching moment during your trip?". She told of Enoque, the symbol of her trip.
The aims of her fight
The aims of her fight
Vladimir Luxuria has been fighting against gender discrimination since the end of 1980s in order to achieve equal rights for LGBT people so that they can arbitrarily express themselves without being ashamed or discriminated. Her fight began in the ‘ 80s because she saw how transgender were treated in that period. A lot of transgender friend of her started to take strong drugs and to dope themselves because they couldn’t bare the situation. They were treated like litter and some of Vladimir friends even killed themselves because of society’s pressure and because of how they were treated was too much to handle. Due to this during her speeches, in many of the films in which she stars and in her books she keeps to underline that people are free to be whoever they feel to be because they are people like other as well, for instance in one of her latest book, which was published in 2017, called “ The courage of being a butterfly” she speaks about gender identity so that people understand who they really are.
In fact with her books she tries to inform people about gender identity because people’s ignorance is her worst enemy.
What Vladimir Luxuria tries to do is make people understand that being an LGBT is not a choice because you was born like that and that’s your own nature. For this reason she wishes a better world where LGBT people could freely tell to their parents who they really feel to be and speak with them about it without being underestimated by them.
Moreover she fights for LGBT right to be respected because they are people like others who own the right to be treated fairly like everyone else.
She experienced society’s bullying while she was studying, but she resisted to bullies’ provocation until her university degree also if she didn’t have her family’s support. But if bullying is a huge problem for “ normal “ people who, in this cases, need a lot of support from their family, we can’t imagine how important is for a LGBT guy the support of them.
The roots of Homophobia
The roots of Homophobia
• The first episode of homophobia is in the book of Genesis, where the destruction of Sodom is told. In Leviticus, sexual relations between men are defined as abominations and death sentences ordered.
• The homophobia against lesbianism came into being with Sappho , a poet of ancient Greece. The social organization of the polis denied any affective experience to the young future brides and the lesbians had to repress and hide their loves.
• It is Plato who coined the expression that will define homosexual relationships "against nature".
• In 1293 the first Italian trial against a homosexual was documented and impaled and burned. In this period, mortal penalties for those who committed the crime of sodomy became more frequent.
• The philosopher Luciano Parinetto , defines homophobia and the persecution of sodomy " a first-rate ideological strategic weapon, an instrument of destruction and colonization ".
• During the French Revolution in 1791 the Constituent Assembly abolished the death penalty for sodomy and Napoleon transferred this rule into the Napoleonic Code.
• Michel Foucault in his "History of sexuality", reconstructs the path of the science of time, which comes to formulate the concept of sexuality as we know it today.
The roots of Homophobia
• Science comes to define homosexuality as a disorder , complete with its genesis, etiology, symptoms and distinctive somatic traits of those affected. It was believed to be a hereditary neuro-psychopathic constitution.
• Heinrich Hössli , a milliner from Glarus, was the first to make a parallel between the persecution of witches and the extermination of homosexuals in history.
• The first coming out in history was by the German writer, poet and jurist Karl Heinrich Ulrichs , who declared himself homosexual on 1867.
• Magnus Hirschfeld, a sexologist with Jewish origins, homosexual and prone to disguise, coined the term transvestitism He was one of the pioneers of studies for the defense of gay rights during Nazism. The Nazis considered homosexuality (male) a "degeneration".
• In Italy on the eve of unity there were very different laws. Under the Depretis government, the law on homophobia and transphobia which has been stalled in Parliament for three years.
• In the eighties of the twentieth century the spread of HIV and AIDS gave a strong impulse to homophobia, given that this pathology was mainly associated with the LGBT community. Discrimination was also perpetrated in the workplace.
• Denmark was the first country to recognize the union of two people of the same sex in 1989 , but it was Holland in 2001 that made gay marriage legal for the first time in the world. Today same-sex marriage is recognized in 22 states .
Homophobia
Past studies on aversion to homosexuals
Social scientists have tried to explain why so many people hold negative feelings toward homosexuals. For example, William James (1890) assumed that being repulsed by the idea of intimate contact with a member of the same sex is instinctive, and exists more strongly in men than in women. In many cultures, James supposed that the instinctual aversion had depended on social context. In other words, he assumed that tolerance is learned and revulsion is inborn. Another important explatation was made by Freud who asserted that heterosexual istinct does not only result from biological causes, but also is influenced by early experiences with parents. He assumed that all men and women had strong attractions to their same-sex parent but these feelings were usually repressed. In many cases, however, the repression is incomplete.
Recent studies
Recent studies on aversion to homosexuals
The bulk of studies have discovered that people with negative attitudes:
1. are less likely to have had personal contact with lesbians or gay;
2. are less likely to report having engaged in homosexual behaviors;
3. are more likely to have resided in areas where negative attitudes are the norm during adolescence;
5. are likely to be older and less well educated;
6. are more likely to be religious and to have a conservative religious ideology;
Another important point is that people who have had interpersonal contacts with homosexuals, are more tollerant. Therefore, it is recommended that homosexuals talk about their orientation with their families.
Weinberg (1972) defined homophobia as the fear of keep in touch with homosexual men and women. This becames intolerance by heterosexual individuals against homosexual men and women. Nowadays there are lots of organisations that protests for homosexual rights and one of them is ILGA World. It is a worldwide federation from over 150 countries and territories campaigning for lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex human rights. Their mission consists on:
1. acting as a global voice for for the rights of those who face discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation;
2. working towards achieving equality, freedom and justice for lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex people through collaborative protests;
3. promoting the diversity and strengths of LGBT people around the world.