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Transcript

Environmental Emergencies

By: Eric Bailey

Hypothermia

Three categories

Cold Exposure

  • Heat travles to the cold.
  • Conduction
  • Convection
  • Evaporation
  • Radiation
  • Respiration

  • Three ways to increase heat?
  • Metabolism
  • Move
  • External factors

Treatment

  • Downing
  • BVM
  • Spinal restritction
  • Suction if needed
  • CPR focus on airway first
  • Diving/Altitude
  • Oxygen
  • Transport
  • Venom
  • ABC's
  • Oxygen
  • Transport
  • Clean bite
  • Immobilize

  • Heat Cramps
  • Remove from environment
  • Rest, give liquids, oxygen
  • Passive cooling
  • Heat Exhaustion
  • Check sugar
  • Active cooling
  • Transport?
  • Heat Stroke
  • ABC's
  • Active cooling/ ice bath
  • Rapid transport

Drowning/ Diving/

Altitude

Cold Injuries

  • Risk factors
  • Alcohol consumption
  • Preexisting seizure disorders
  • Geriatric patients with cardiovascular disease
  • Unsupervised access to water

  • Air Emobism
  • Decompression Sickness
  • HAPE
  • HACE

Venom

  • Spider Bites
  • Brown Recluse: Cytotoxic
  • Black Widow: Neuro-toxin
  • Snake bites
  • Pit vipers: Hemotoxic/Neurotoxic
  • Frostnip & Immersion Foot
  • Skin freezes
  • Ears, nose, fingers ofter affected. Feet for immersion foot.
  • Skin is pale, cold, loss of sensation.
  • Frostbite
  • Tissue is frozen
  • Damage to cells
  • Can cause necrosis or gangrene
  • Skin is waxy, firm, blisters may form.
  • Treatment
  • Move the patient from the cold. Be Gentle!!
  • Remove wet clothing.
  • Start passive or active rewarming.

Heat Exposure

  • Heat Stroke
  • Most serious
  • Tissues are destroyed
  • Untreated will always lead to death!
  • Hot, dry, flushed skin
  • Quickly rising body temperature
  • Change in behavior
  • Unresponsiveness and seizures
  • Rapid, weak pulse
  • Increased respiratory rate
  • How does our body try to cool down?
  • Three categories for heat emergencies

  • Heat Cramps
  • Muscle spasms
  • Dehydration
  • Typically in legs/abdomen

  • Heat Exaaustion
  • Most common
  • Fatigue and hypovolemia
  • Dizziness, weakness, or syncope
  • Nausea, vomiting, or headache
  • Cold, clammy skin with ashen pallor

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