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by: Divia 9A
Ecosystem - the relationship between the abiotic and biotic factors of an area (e.g great barrier reef)
community - all the living things that live in the same place and depend on
one another (e.g clown fish, anemones, coral reefs, sea snakes)
Population - a group of the same individuals in an area (e.g school of clown fish)
individual - one organism and one type of organism (e.g clown fish)
Example of a food chain in this ecosystem
Marine algae giant clam box jellyfish sea snake tiger shark
Producer primary c. secondary c. tertiary c. apex predator
predator - animal that hunts other animals (prey) for food
Prey - animals that are commonly hunted by other animals (predator)
Tiger shark is the predator of the sea snake, the sea snake is prey of the tiger shark but predator of box jellyfish, the box jellyfish is prey of sea snake but the predator of giant clam, the giant clam is prey of box jellyfish but the predator of marine algae, the marine algae is producer in the food chain.
A symbiotic relationship occurs between two types of organisms and helps at least one of them survive
Where both organisms benefit. In a grassland ecosystem, a bee and a flower will have mutualism. Flower benefits by being pollinated, and the pollinator benefits by feeding on nectar
where one organism is benefited and other is not affected or harmed. In a marine ecosystem, a clownfish and an anemone will have commensalism. Clownfish hide in anemone from predators and anemone is not affected.
where one organism is benefited and the other is harmed. The one that benefits is the parasite and the one harmed is the host. Fleas harm their hosts, like dogs, and bite their skin, suck their blood and cause them to itch. Fleas in return get food and a warm place to live. Although parasites do not often kill their hosts because they would die aswell
interspecific competition means the competition of food or resources amongst different species. For e.g. a sheep and kangaroo competing for grass as their main food resource
Intraspecific competition means the competition of food or resources amongst the same species. For e.g. barnacles competing for space on rocks
photosynthesis occurs when a plant absorbs the sun’s energy within its chloroplast, the process can be written as
carbon dioxide + water = → glucose + oxygen
Cellular respiration is a chemical reaction that is carried out in the mitochondria of a cell where glucose is broken down with oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water and releasing energy (in ATP form)
The process can be written as
glucose + oxygen =→ carbon dioxide + water Energy (ATP)
Corals are animals, but unlike zooxanthellae, they are unable to make glucose on their own. Zooxanthellae produce glucose during photosynthesis and give some of it to the coral. Due to their need for sunlight, the majority of corals are found in the euphotic zone.
Corals' cells respire, which releases carbon dioxide. Zooxanthellae use this gas to photosynthesize after receiving it from them. Oxygen is one of the byproducts produced by zooxanthellae during photosynthesis. For cellular respiration, corals require the oxygen produced during photosynthesis.
Exponential growth is the rapid acceleration increase of a population. It is not very realistic or sustainable because it relies on an infinite amount of resources such as food
Logistic modelling is when the population grows but plateaus once it comes at a certain level. It is more realistic for the real world
limiting factors are abiotic or biotic factors that stop a population from growing, things such as food, shelter, availability of water, etc.
the carrying capacity is the amount of population a certain area can handle with limited resources. An example of carrying capacity is the amount of fish a coral reef can sustain, the food available for the fish, the more there will be
The quadrat sampling method is to determine the abundance or density of a population in an area without counting them all and the capture-mark-recapture method is for estimating animal population sizes that includes capturing, tagging, releasing and recapturing a sample of the animal.
the capture-mark-recapture method is the best method for this chosen ecosystem because marine animals move around too much to use the quadrat method
The case study is about the acidification of the ocean. The impacts of acidification affect the reproduction of fish as fish require a certain pH level to hatch, affecting plankton, which are one of the main producers in multiple food webs, to survive. These are short term effects.
Acidification on the ocean has long term and short effects, although this is a new issue and there is not enough research done to fully determine all the long term effects this will have on marine animals and life