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Implications

Problem

References

The proper mental health resources can be put into place for those who still find themselves affected by the Pandemic in terms of their mental health, overall emotional wellbeing, and ability to socialize with others.

Researchers will have more information and scientific data available to them for utilization to even further expand their knowledge of Pandemic impacts on people in addition to the lasting impacts Pandemics may have on people

More data and knowledge collected means more room for advancements to be made!

Introduction

Young adults have faced disruptions in education, employment, and mental health due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

“Adolescents and young adults have been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although they have not suffered significant morbidity or mortality, youth have experienced educational interruption, job loss, financial and housing instability, and feelings of isolation, all of which influence this critical period of growth and development” (Waselewski et. al., 2020).

Even after the Pandemic has ended, young adults are still dealing with the lasting impacts it's left upon people worldwide and within their communities.

  • COVID-19 first detected in China in 2019

  • Declaring a global pandemic in March 2020

  • Over 1,000,000 deaths in the United States

  • Long-lasting impact on survivors

  • Disruption of normal everyday lives for three years

  • Pandemic has caused sizable long-term impacts on both psychological distress and health behaviors of individuals

  • My study will determine the specific nature of the impacts that the COVID-19 Pandemic continues to have on people in 2024.

Alqahtani, J. S., Almamary, A. S., Alghamdi, S. M., Komies, S., Althobiani, M., Aldhahir, A.

M., & Naser, A. Y. (2022). Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological aspects. COVID-19 and the Sustainable Development Goals, 235–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91307-2.00007-9

American Psychological Association. (2017). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of

conduct (2002, amended effective June 1, 2010, and January 1, 2017). http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.html

Descary, G., Olivier, E., Thouin, É., Arim, R., Dupéré, V., Archambault, I., & Tardif-Grenier, K. (2023). The Mental Well-Being of Canadian Young Adults Versus Older Adults Before, During, and After Covid-19’s First Wave: Do Sociodemographic Characteristics Matter? Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 42(4), 63–72. https://doi-org.ezproxy.snhu.edu/10.7870/cjcmh-2023-029

Min, S., Jeong, Y. H., Kim, J., Koo, J. W., & Ahn, Y. M. (2021). The Aftermath: Post-pandemic Psychiatric Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic, a South Korean Perspective. Frontiers in psychiatry, 12, 671722. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.671722

Nayak, Mudavath & K A, Narayan. (2019). Strengths and Weakness of Online Surveys. 24. 31-

38. 10.9790/0837-2405053138

Current Literature

Data shows that young adults have been more susceptible to COVID-19 infections, with a significant portion of cases attributed to this age group.

There are some limitations when it comes to past research

  • past studies mostly focused on convenience sampling, lacked pre-pandemic baselines, lacked data from diverse subgroups, and focused mainly on “mental health symptomology rather than positive mental health wherein individuals report satisfactory mental well-being” (Descary et. al., 2023).

  • Veldhuis et. al. (2021) discusses the startling lack of long-term mental health data on the overall effects of the pandemic

Although there are some limitations of past research, there still exists helpful sources for this topic!

Target Audience/ Intention

The target audience of this project is mostly young adults who were high school and college-aged during the pandemic who feel as though it has had a long-lasting impact on both their livelihood and mentality.

This study will ideally help provide people who still suffer from Pandemic induced mental illnesses or dampening on their wellbeing to find scientifically supported techniques and methods to help alleviate some of their personal sufferings in addition to helping them become more socially comfortable or inclined like they were pre-pandemic.

Reliability &Validity

Research Question

To maintain validity and reliability, anonymous self-report questionnaires and surveys are the best methods

  • “This type of research allows for a variety of methods to recruit participants, collect data, and utilize various methods of instrumentation. Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods)” (Ponto, 2015).

  • Surveys are cost effective, can be conducted in a short period of time, can be started, stopped, or paused at the participants own leisure, they’re very useful when it comes to questionnaire preparation and data collection, and provide a further comfort of anonymity for the participants (Nayak et. al., 2019).

  • Surveys are more frequently utilized in social and psychological research since they are often used to describe or better understand human nature (Ponto, 2015).

Proposed Research Question: Do young adults who’ve had large portions of their high school or college experience affected by Covid-19 believe that their experience has had a lasting impact on their mental and emotional wellbeing?

Other specific questions targeted in this project are:

Do young adults have lower thresholds for socializing and activity outside of their homes since the pandemic?

Is there a correlation between increased mental health struggles and isolation experienced during the pandemic?

How effective is “self-help/ self-care” techniques in combatting lingering Pandemic related mental illnesses?

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Young Adults

Research Design

My research design will consist of a correlational, qualitative approach to examine how the COVID-19 Pandemic has contributed to young adult's mental health and overall functioning since we are seeking to understand if there is a causal relationship

This research proposal will utilize surveys and questionnaires to gather data that will be analyzed to identify the relationship between the COVID-19 Pandemic and young adults’ decrease in mental health and overall wellbeing.

The survey will be created and administered through Qualtrics.

Kaleigh Keller

SNHU: Capstone in Psychology

Contributions to the Field

Ideally this research will help bring some of the following changes to light:

  • Better resources for those who have been affected
  • More public acknowledgement of these lasting impacts
  • More assistance for those who continue to struggle in their everyday lives since the Pandemic first initially disrupted them.

My research proposal can help provide new, important, and useful information regarding the Pandemic's lasting impacts. This information can then be utilized by psychologists or anyone that belongs to the field of psychology to find effective treatments and methods to alleviate some of the symptoms or residual mental health difficulties left by the Pandemic.

Ethical Concerns & Ethics

Current Literature Continued.....

References Continued...

The pandemic has led to a rise in mental health issues among young adults, with increased rates of anxiety, depression, and loneliness also reported.

  • “The psychological burden caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is a well-recognized issue. Xiong et al. concluded that depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress syndrome, psychological distress, and overall stress have been higher in the general population during the pandemic than before the pandemic” (Alqahtani et. al., 2022, p. 237)

  • “Although the COVID-19 pandemic will be contained one day, its psychiatric impact can persist both as direct and indirect consequences of the viral infection and as responses to the “new normal.” Its effects can be generalized in every aspect of our society, manifesting themselves among adults, children, families, and in workplaces” (Min et. al., 2021, p. 6)

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, experts warned of its possible destructive impact on the general population's mental health and wellbeing. We can conclude that the virus outbreak has led to significant consequences in mental health in the affected populations (Min et. al., 2021, p. 4).

Ponto J. (2015). Understanding and Evaluating Survey Research. Journal of the advanced

practitioner in oncology, 6(2), 168–171.

Veldhuis, C. B., Nesoff, E. D., McKowen, A. L. W., Rice, D. R., Ghoneima, H., Wootton, A. R.,

Papautsky, E. L., Arigo, D., Goldberg, S., & Anderson, J. C. (2021). Addressing the

critical need for long-term mental health data during the COVID-19 pandemic: Changes in mental health from April to September 2020. Preventive medicine, 146, 106465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106465

Waselewski, E. A., Waselewski, M. E., & Chang, T. (2020). Needs and coping behaviors of

youth in the US During COVID-19. Journal of Adolescent Health, 67(5), 649–652.

https://doi-org.ezproxy.snhu.edu/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.043

Different American Psychological Association (APA, 2017) Guidelines will be utilized as a guide to limit risks of harm and unnecessary participant effects:

  • 3.04 Avoiding Harm: ensures that all potential risks of harm are minimized for the research participants/ to ensure that our research team doesn’t engage in any harmful or problematic behavior towards our research participants.

  • 3.10 Informed Consent: used to make sure that consent is gained from the participants before they engaged in any forms of survey questions.

  • 4.01 Maintaining Confidentiality: utilized to ensure that our research team protected the confidentiality of the research participants and that all their information remained completely anonymous.

  • 9.01 Bases for Assessments: utilized to ensure that all claims or statements made by our research team is scientifically backed up by our research findings and all aims behind our research have promising material that could potentially support our claims

  • 9.07 Assessment by Unqualified Persons: utilized as a guide to ensure that only those qualified within our research team played a role in data analysis and collection to ensure further reliability and validity of our results.

Methods

  • The population of the study will be young adults, both men and women, between the ages of 21 and 25 who were high school or college aged during the Pandemic.

  • The exact number of participants will fluctuate depending on who engages with the recruitment email and chooses to participate (These participants will be collected/approached via college alumni services across the U.S.)

  • Their results remain anonymous but they are asked to identify their age, gender, ethnicity, and occupation for demographic statistics within the study.

  • Prior to the survey taking place, participants will be provided with a brief introductory statement. After the survey is completed they will be met with mental health resource links to use at their discretion.

  • SPSS will be utilized for any further data analysis not available through Qualtrics.

  • The survey questions consist of multiple choice and scale based questions.

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