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Summarizing_water
ENGL E101F
Week 7 Session 1
L15
Copyright by Gladys Luk 2021
- Warm up exercise
- Recap
- More about summarising and paraphrasing
- Unit 2 Activity 8
- Unit 1 Activity 7
- Patient Case Report
- Citation and referencing
- Academic writing
Language play
Warm up exercise
My wish
My Wish
What is it like?
I have a wish.
It is grey in colour.
There are numbers.
It is very important to me.
My Wish
Polysemy
What is it?
- Words with more than one meaning
- Understand the meaning in context
Example: bank
- I need to go to the bank to draw out some money.
- Walking along the bank, I can see many children playing with sand on the beach.
Language play
- Play with meaning
- Play with pronunciation
- Chinese puns
A pun is a clever and amusing use of a word or phrase with two meanings, or of words with the same sound but different meanings.
Playing with meaning
sides:
right or left
Right = correct
Playing with meaning
Playing with meaning
speaker & mike
Playing with pronunciation
Alice in Wonderland
"And how many hours a day did you do lessons?" said Alice, in a hurry to change the subject.
"Ten hours the first day," said the Mock Turtle, "nine the next, and so on."
Playing with pronunciation
"What a curious plan!" exclaimed Alice.
"That's the reason they're called lessons," the Gryphon remarked: _______________________ __________
because they lessen from
day to day.
Do we have this in Chinese?
Do we have this in Chinese?
Pun
Do we have this in Chinese?
Recap
Recap
- Choice of words
- Patient Case Report
Unit 2
A matter of life and death
Unit 2
Foxconn/ Golden Gate Bridge
Samaritans
Polysemy
Collocation
Activity 8
Activity 8 (P. 25) The Samaritans
Listen to the interview between the host and John, a Samaritans volunteer. Then answer the questions that follow.
Activity 8 (P. 25) The Samaritans
1. What made John become a Samaritans volunteer?
a. His mother used to bring him to Caritas
when she volunteered there.
b. His present wife introduced him to the
work of the Samaritans when he studied
in England.
Activity 8 (P. 25) The Samaritans
2. In which three roles has John been involved?
to oversee the standard of services provided
to take calls from people who are distressed
to provide support to hotline volunteers in his team
to conduct training programmes
to show the callers that there are people who're willing to listen to their problems
to help HK people to understand the work of the organization
Activity 8 (P. 25) The Samaritans
3. What kinds of problems do callers usually have? Name any THREE.
sorrow because of death of a close relation or friend
a. relationship problems
b. bereavement
c. job and studies related worries
d. financial difficulties
Activity 8 (P. 25) The Samaritans
4. Which two aspects does the confidentiality policy include at the Samaritans?
a. The information received from the callers is
confidential.
b. Volunteers never disclose their Samaritans
identity to others, except to people closest to
them.
Activity 8 (P. 25) The Samaritans
5. What benefits has John gained from volunteering? Name any TWO.
a. It brings him with huge satisfaction.
b. He has become more accepting and more
tolerant.
c. His interpersonal skills have improved.
Activity 8 (P. 25) The Samaritans
6. How does the Samaritans help its volunteers to combat the negative influences they may receive from the calls?
a. The Samaritans has a system to help their
volunteers ease their strain.
b. The Samaritans volunteers are taught how
to adapt themselves.
Activity 8 (P. 25) The Samaritans
7. Name the qualities that the Samaritans look for in a volunteer.
a. compassion and patience
b. acceptance and an open mind
c. a willingness to observe the organization's
confidentiality policy
Unit 1 Love and relationship
Unit 1
- Speed dating
- Personality traits
- Proofreading
- Part of speech
Activity 7
Activity 7
Activity 7 (P. 9 & 10)
Proofreading
One grammatical error on every line.
No punctuation errors
Do not make unnecessary changes including the meaning
Activity 7 (P. 9 & 10)
Art: articles (a, an & the)
Part of Sp: nouns, pronouns, articles, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions
Pron: pronouns
whose
a large number
originally (are credited)
Activity 7 (P. 9 & 10)
Plural N: plural noun
S/V Ag: subject verb agreement
Verb Const: verb construction
Voice: passive or active voice
took
events
had really taken
glamourous
saves
romantically
Activity 7 (P. 9 & 10)
Aux. Verb: auxiliary verb e.g has come
Participle: present (going), past (gone)
Prep: preposition
are rotated
lasting
to signal
At
would like
information
Activity 7 (P. 9 & 10)
over
is
efficient
eliminates
be quiet
Activity 7 (P. 9 & 10)
been
decide whether/if they
participating
in/ within
Activity 7 (P. 9 & 10)
Activity 7 (P. 9 & 10)
Summarising and paraphrasing
Summarising
Summarising
Points to remember:
- No personal evaluation and judgment
- No extra information should be included
- Do not exceed the word limit
Summarising (Unit 4 P.56)
Explain why wealth managers are not working for the best interest of their customers' & report the changes
irrelevant details and examples
Underline
Delete
Rewrite
Rearrange
present with your own words
rearrange to achieve coherence
Summarising: Attention
Summarising: Attention
Content
Language
Paraphrasing
What is it? (recap)
Paraphrasing
To present the ideas in your own words
The text may not be shortened.
How to do it?
Rewrite
Use shorter or more concise words, synonyms
Rearrange
Words and/or sentences for coherence
Activities
Activities: Unit 4 Activity 7 part 1 (P.53)
Read the original text and its paraphrase in Activity 6
Then compare their wordings
Original Text
Activities
switch to renewable energy
two reasons:
clean sources, substitutes for fossil fuels
projected world population
increasing global energy demand
rapid depletion of the world's fossil fuel reserves upsurge of fuel and electricity prices
Many countries are already switching to renewable energy. Apart from looking for clean energy sources from the environmental point of view, the search for new energy sources as substitutes for fossil fuels is another reason providing such drive. With a projected world population of 10 billion by the year 2050, the increasing global energy demand will propel a more rapid depletion of the world’s fossil fuel reserves. Such possible tightening of energy supplies in the future will inevitably result in an upsurge of fuel and electricity prices. Renewable energy can reduce the reliance on exhaustible sources of fossil fuels. Utilising renewable energy to generate electricity is probably the way out to a future world.
Renewable energy can reduce the reliance on exhaustible sources of fossil fuels.
Utilising renewable energy to generate electricity is probably the way out
Activities
Unit 4, Activity 7 Part 1 (P.53)
Environmentally friendly
The surging demand for fossil fuels
More quickly used up
Lessen the reliance
Activities
Original Text
Paraphrase
There are two reasons for using renewable energy. First, renewable energy sources are seen as environmentally friendly. Second, when the world population grows, the surging demand for fossil fuels will mean global supplies of fossil fuels will be more quickly used up and this will lead to higher prices. The use of alternative energy sources can lessen the reliance on the fossil fuels. Using renewable energy sources will make the world sustainable.
Many countries are already switching to renewable energy. Apart from looking for clean energy sources from the environmental point of view, the search for new energy sources as substitutes for fossil fuels is another reason providing such drive. With a projected world population of 10 billion by the year 2050, the increasing global energy demand will propel a more rapid depletion of the world’s fossil fuel reserves. Such possible tightening of energy supplies in the future will inevitably result in an upsurge of fuel and electricity prices. Renewable energy can reduce the reliance on exhaustible sources of fossil fuels. Utilising renewable energy to generate electricity is probably the way out to a future world.
Activities
Unit 4, Activity 7 Part 2 Q1 (P. 53)
Key ideas:
There is plenty of water on the earth. In fact, there is enough water on this planet for everyone to have a huge lake. The trouble is that the water isn’t always found in the place where it is needed. In addition, much of the water is polluted or salty. Because of these problems, there are many people without sufficient water.
Activities
enough water on this planet for a huge lake
sufficient water on this planet for a huge lake
unreachable
isn’t always found in the place where it is needed
Activities
undrinkable
polluted or salty
many people without sufficient water
many people do not have water they need
Activities
Unit 4, Activity 7 Part 2 (P. 49)
The water on the planet is sufficient for everyone to have a huge lake. However, many people do not have the water they need because much of the water is either undrinkable or unreachable.
Patient's summary
- Symptoms
- Background
Patient Case Report
Symptoms
- Present complaints
- Physical symptoms
- Psychological/Emotional symptoms
Present Complaints
Present Complaints: Pain
Match the types of pain with their descriptions on the right.
Using Emoticons (or emojis)
Physical Symptoms
Physical Symptoms
Physical Symptoms
Complete the exercise with the correct form of the words given.
deformed
1. This baby has ______________ limbs. His arms and legs are not straight and there is some swelling. If you touch the huge lump just above his right ankle, you can feel that it's very _____________ which means we have to undertake reconstructive surgery.
swollen
Physical Symptoms
feverish
2. I'm feeling a bit ___________. Do you have the thermometer so that I can check my temperature? And I also feel so _________ when I get out of bed that I can't even walk in a straight line. I hope it's not the start of a flu.
dizzy
Physical Symptoms
red
itchy
3. Can you see the ________ spots on my skin? They are _________ too, but the doctor said I'd better not scratch them.
Stools =
a discharging of the bowels
4. Diarrhoea is normally caused by bacteria, defined as the passage of three or more loose or liquid stools per day. But if you found hard to pass a stool, you'd better eat more fibre so that you won't get ___________.
constipated
Physical Symptoms
nauseous
5. I didn't vomit but I feel so _____________ that I couldn't even take food. By the way, I slept for almost the whole day but still felt very _________.
tired
bruised
achy
6. "You have a ___________ area here. I think the soft tissue under the skin has been injured. Do you feel _______ in the joints?" "No, doctor, I just feel _________ with no pain even when you press the injured part."
numb
Psychological/Emotional Symptoms
Psychological/Emotional Symptoms
Do you know each of them?
Psychological/Emotional Symptoms
posture
the position in which you stand or sit
insomnia
Unable to obtain sufficient sleep
auditory hallucinations
Hear something that does not exist
Psychological/Emotional Symptoms
disoriented
Lose perception of time, place or one's personal identity
Incapable of reasoning
irrational
manic
Excessive excitement or enthusiasm
Psychological/Emotional Symptoms
These are some of the expressions to describe one's mental state.
Listen to a recording and tick ( ) the symptoms that Mr Gill is suffering.
Psychological/Emotional Symptoms
Suggested Answer
Psychological/ emotional symptoms
2 rules to remember when writing about symptoms
1. More important ones first or in chronological order i.e. from past to present (tense: past to present/ present perfect)
2. From physical to psychological
Psychological/ emotional symptoms
Activity
There are some jumbled statements. Rearrange them into a clear and coherent paragraph describing the patient's symptoms.
Psychological/ emotional symptoms
Following rule 1:
Present
- Today she is suffering a constant sharp pain ...
- The pain has made Miss McDonald worry ... She has become ...
- The pain gets worse when she coughs, ...
Psychological/ emotional symptoms
Past
- Later she suffered nausea and diarrhoea with an ...
- Two weeks ago Miss McDonald had a mild fever ...
- It began suddenly last night as a mild but constant ...
Psychological/ emotional symptoms
Some adverbials of time to guide you:
Present
- Today she is suffering a constant sharp pain ...
- The pain has made Miss McDonald worry ... She has become ...
- The pain gets worse when she coughs, ...
Psychological/ emotional symptoms
Past
- Later she suffered nausea and diarrhoea with an ...
- Two weeks ago Miss McDonald had a mild fever ...
- It began suddenly last night as a mild but constant ...
Psychological/ emotional symptoms
Let's rearrange the sentences according to rule 1
Today she is suffering a constant ...
The pain gets worse when ...
The pain has made Miss McDonald ...
Psychological/ emotional symptoms
Two weeks ago Miss McDonald had a mild fever ...
Later she suffered nausea and diarrhoea ...
It began suddenly last night as a mild but constant ...
Psychological/ emotional symptoms
Following rule 2:
Statements 1, 3, 4 to 6 are related to physical symptoms.
Only statement 2 is related to psychological/ emotional symptoms.
So statement 2 should be the last one.
Psychological/ emotional symptoms
Suggested Answer
Two weeks ago Miss McDonald had a mild fever and complained of a loss of appetite. (4)
Later she suffered nausea and diarrhoea with an occasional pain in her stomach. (3)
Psychological/ emotional symptoms
It began suddenly last night as a mild but constant pain all over the abdomen and caused her insomnia. (6)
Today she is suffering a constant sharp pain in the lower right side of her abdomen. (1)
Psychological/ emotional symptoms
The pain gets worse when she coughs, and is relieved by lying down. (5)
[Still talk about physical symptoms]
Don't forget to present them in a paragraph!
The pain has made Miss McDonald worry about having a tumor inside her abdomen. She has become emotional and cries a lot. (2)
[Psychological symptoms]
Patient's background of Yvonne Jones
Patient's background
Points to remember
- Order of the information and grouping of it
- Grammar
- The way meanings are presented and the impacts of word and verb choices
- Others
Patient's background: Order and grouping
Order:
- should be in the order mentioned e.g. personal particulars, reason for admission, ... family history
Grouping:
- single but with multiple sex partners
- takes drug but plays tennis weekly
Patient's background: Grammar
Tense e.g.
- 3 months: had an attack
- has been prescribed vs had been prescribed
- has been prescribed: from the past up to the present or to the future (present perfect tense)
- had been prescribed: from the past and finished in the past (past perfect tense)
subject verb agreement e.g. she smokes
Patient's background: meanings and impacts
by doctors?
prescribed Ketamine
has suffered chest infection; has been diagnosed with chest infection
a fact by no indication of being admitted to hospital
She has siblings and they have diabetes too.
This implies that Yvonne has diabetes and so do her siblings.
Do we have information that Yvonne has diabetes?
has hypertension
hypertension is a medical condition: very high pressure
is suffering from hypertension/ has suffered from hypertension
Patient's background: meanings and impacts
has been attacked vs had an attack
- has been attacked: passive voice
- more than a fact as having an attack
convey, to a certain extent, the level of seriousness
drug user vs drug abuser
from the language perspective, the level of seriousness is not the same
does drink
to emphasize 'drink'
Do you really want to do it?
Patient's background: Others
Miss/ Ms/ Mrs/ Mr
Miss: not yet married
Ms: married (still used her maiden name); married but now single
Mrs: married (with her husband's surname)
Mr: single and married
Yvonne Jones (First name Last name/Family name/surname)
Yvonne is a name for ladies
Ms Yvonne Jones/ Ms Jones
a pack of what
t-d-s = ted die sumendum
to be taken three times daily
Patient's background: Others
Be careful when making assumption or implication
- prescribed Metformin for atrial fibrillation for 3 months already
- has been prescribed / was prescribed
- the link between two illnesses e.g. atrial fibrillation and chest infection
- referred by doctors or not (referred by Dr Li of QEH)
Patient's background: some good ideas
Well-written examples:
- She is a drug user who is addicted to Ketamine.
- She is a drug user and she takes Ketamine.
- Although she is single, she has multiple sex partners.
- Not only is she a smoker who smokes a pack of cigarettes a day but she is also a drug user of Ketamine.
Paraphrasing:
Milk products dairy products
There is a family history of ... Her siblings has suffered from diabetes.
Ms Yvonne Jones' background
Ms Yvonne Jones, a 26-year-old designer, has been admitted for chest infection. Ms Jones is single but is having multiple sex partners. She smokes a pack of cigarettes per day and drinks 10 units of strong alcohol per week. She is a drug user of Ketamine but she plays tennis weekly. She had an attack of atrial fibrillation 3 months ago and was prescribed Metformin (500 mg three times a day). She is also suffering from hypertension. Ms Jones is not allergic to any medicine but is allergic to milk products which may cause redness on her skin. There is a family history of diabetes on her siblings.
- She is a Ketamine user. She is a drug addict of Ketamine.
- Ms Jones is not allergic to any medicine but to dairy products ...
Citation & Referencing
Citation and referencing (Unit 5 P.68)
3 steps:
- present the ideas with verbs of attribution
- insert the in-text citation in the text
- at the end, prepare a reference list
Verbs of attribution
Tell the readers why we select these ideas and how we view them with the use of verbs of attribution.
As Darwin (2004) observes, young people in Hong Kong are becoming increasingly aware of environmental protection.
That is Darwin's observation
In-text Citation
Integral in-text citation
Incorporated in the text
e.g. Lee (2010) claimed that ...
Not incorporated in the text
place at the end of the sentence, before the full stop
e.g. ... (Lee, 2010).
Non-integral in-text citation
References
- A list of articles and/or books we have cited
- Placed at the end of the essay/ article/ report
Citation and referencing: Example
Citation and referencing: Example
verbs of attribution
non-integral citation
integral citation
Citation and referencing: Example
Academic writing
Academic Writing
What is it?
What is it?
What is Academic Writing?
Academic writing = Formal writing
What is special about Academic writing?
- clearer and more precise
- facts and statistics
- complex sentence structures
What is Academic Writing?
What is more?
Please read the text entitled 'What is Academic Writing?'
What is Academic Writing?
- No slang or colloquial language
- No contracted (short) forms
- Different in terms of choice of words and grammar
- The way of organizing the ideas
- Most importantly, with citation and referencing
What is Academic Writing?
Formality
family and friends
academics
serious thought
conversational
complex sentences showing considerable variety in construction
mostly simple and compound sentences joined by conjunctions such as 'and' or 'but'
less likely to be clear and as organised
clear and well planned
may not always use complete sentences
likely to be error free
use of short forms, idioms and slang
Technical and academic language used accurately
Activity
Activity
Task 2
Put the following texts in order by giving 1 to the most academic and 4 to the least academic
Activity
Answer:
B D C A
Activity
B: the most academic
- From a research book on academic writing
- Complete sentence structure
- High-level vocabulary e.g. reciprocal, empirical, literacy, etc
- Serious thought
- Nomination e.g. development, application
Activity
D: the second most academic
- Being taken from a profile report
- Complex sentences
- Academic vocabulary
- Passives
- In-text citation
Activity
C: a mixture of formal and informal modes
- From an instruction manual
- Passives
- Complex sentences
- Personal pronouns like 'you'
Activity
A: part of a speech or an informal letter or email
- Question-and-answer sequence
- 'Anyway'
- Short forms e.g. it's, I'll