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Enhancing the development of speaking skills for non-native
speakers of English
Main aim of the research
Topic
1. What factores help EFL learners to improve/develop their speaking skills?
2. What are ELF learners strengths and weaknesses in speaking English for special communication
1. background literature
2. research aims
3. method
4. data collection and analysis
5. results & discussion
6. key message
7. references
Table of Content
Background Literature
The research paper is based on the conducted work of other people and an interview
1
Significance of speaking and related research
There are 4 parts of effective communication (Zaremba, 2006):
RECEPTIVE SKILLS
1.reading
2.listening
PRODUCTIVE SKILLS
3.writing
4.speaking
1
Speaking = most important skill of communication
- many advantages in everyday life
- most important criteria in job interviews
Strengths and weaknesses of speaking for EFL speaker
Important factors for effective English speaking performance (fluency) - (Tam, 1996)
- listening skills
- socialcultural factors
- affective factors
- grammatical competence
- discourse competence
- sociolinguistic competence
- strategic competence
2
Fluency = pronunciation, vocabulary and collocations (Tam, 1997)
Problem of EFL-Students (Zhang, 2009)
- students have limited opportunities to speak English outside the classroom
Speaking to an audience is more complicated than everyday conservation (Lucas, 2001)
Research aims/questions
"why the majority of undergraduate students are unable to speak English confidently, especially for communication in real life
situations with international speakers."
Reasons?
- anxiety about making errors (Trent 2009)
2
Method (participants, procedures, tests, questionaires used)
3
Method:
- informal interview with a group of EFL (English as foreign language) students
Content of the Interview:
- on factors expected to enhance their speaking skills
Key responses:
- development of confidence
- occasions to speak
Research framework
Method
- 18 course participants of the course entitled, ‘Listening and Speaking for
Special Communication’
Research instruments
Topic
1. "Two-structured interview questions"
first: What factors helped you to develop your speaking for special communication
second: What seggestions would you make for the improvment of Thai EFL students speaking competence?
Research instruments
Topic
2. Recordings of the patricipants speaking performance
- speaking tasks was selected to be recordet and analyzed
Data collection and analysis
4
- 15 weeks of collection data
1. For the recordings of the participants:
-> comments from classmates & instructor
-> analyzed, focused on speaking content, pronunciation and language use
Findings & Discussion
5
-building up confidence -> helps speaking performance
-task based learning in a variety of situations helped participants in speaking (real world situations)
-speaking preparation as an effective strategy to minimize anxiety
-errors were found in pronunciation and grammatical structure of the sentences
-use of incorrect tenses
-error in word stress and sounds like the "s" or "z"
KEY take-home message
6
Confidence plays an important role in speaking & language learning
Besides that topics like grammar and pronunciation have to be improved
References
7
Bailey, K.M. (2005). Practical English Language Teaching: Speaking. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Faculty of Arts, (2004).Undergraduate catalog. Nakhon Pathom, Thailand: Silpakorn University Press.
Goh, C. (2007). Teaching speaking in the language classroom. Singapore: SEAMEO Regional Language Centre.
Koshy, V. (2005). Action research for improving practice: a practical guide. London: SAGE.
Lucas, S. E. (2001). The art of public speaking. (7th Ed.). Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
Noon-ura, S. (2008). Teaching listening speaking skills to Thai students with low English proficiency. Asian EFL Journal. 10(4). 173-192.
Retrieved from http://www.asian-efl-journal.com/December_08_sna.php
Nunan, D. (2006). Task-based language teaching in the Asia context: Defining 'task'. Asian EFL Journal, 8 (3),12-18. Retrieved from
http://asian-efl- journal.com/Sept_06_dn.php
Osborn, S., Osborn, M., & Osborn, R. (2008). Public speaking guidebook. Boston: Pearson.
Patil, Z.N. (2008). Rethinking the objectives of teaching English in Asia. Asian EFL Journal.10 (4), 227-240. Retrieved from http://www.asianefl-
journal.com/December_08_zn.php
Shumin, K. (1997). Factors to consider: Developing adult EFL students' speaking abilities. English Teaching Forum. 35 (3), 8. Retrieved from
http://eca.state.gov/forum/vols/vol35/no3/p8.htm
Songsiri, M. (2007). An action research study of promoting students’ confidence in speaking English. (Dissertation of Doctor of Education
Degree), School of Arts, Education and Human Development, Victoria University, Australia. Retrieved from
eprints.vu.edu.au/1492/1/Songsiri.pdf
Tam, M. (1997). Building fluency: a course for non-native speakers of English. English Teaching Forum, 35(1), 26. Retrieved from
http://eca.state.gov/forum/vols/vol35/no1/p26.htm
Trent, J. (2009). Enhancing oral participation across the curriculum: Some lessons from the EAP classroom. Asian EFL Journal, 11(1), 256-270.
Retrieved from http://www.asian-efl-journal.com/March_09-jt.php
Wei,Y. & Zhou, Y. (2002). Insights into English pronunciation problems of Thai students. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the
Quadruple Helix (8th, April 6, 2002). 12 p. ERIC (ED476746).
Zaremba, A. J. (2006). Speaking professionally. Canada: Thompson South-Western.
Zhang, Y. (2009). Reading to speak: Integrating oral communication skills. English