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itai-itai disease
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Itai-Itai Disease
By: Eshan Weerasinha and Ryan Sun
What, where, when, why, and who?
What, When, Where, Why and Who
-It was a mass cadmium poisoning in Tomaya Prefecture, Japan in 1912
-The cadmium was released into the rivers by mining companies in the mountains and they were sued afterwards
-Fish started to die and the rice irrigated with river water didn't grow well. Cadmium accumulated at the bottom and the river was used to irrigate rice fields. The rice absorbed the cadmium and was consumed.
Scientific name, Common name, and Chemical Formula of Cadmium
- Cadmium comes from the Latin word cadmia, Greek kadmeia. This is the ancient name for calamine, or zinc carbonate.
- Cadmium comes from the Latin wo...
- Cadmium is written as Cd^+2 as the chemical formula
Chemical Properties of Cadmium
- It has an oxidation state of 2 and in some cases 1. The oxidation state is how many electrons it loses when bound to oxygen.
- Once it enters one's cells, it facilitates the production of hydrogen peroxide, contributing to the inflammatory effects of "itai-itai" disease.
Chemical Properties of Cadmium
Physical Properties of Cadmium
-Cadmium is a metal with an atomic number of 48 and an atomic mass of 112.414. At room temperature, it has a density of 8.65 grams per centimeter cubed.
-Like all metals, Cadmium is soft, malleable, and ductile.
-Cadmium melts at 321°C and boils at 767°C
-The ionized state of Cadmium causes renal damage in the kidneys, a large contributor to its toxicity when ingested.
Hazards of Cadmium
- Not only is cadmium a carcinogen, mild exposure can cause symptoms such as fever, pain, and chills.
- If the exposure is potent enough that it damages respiritory organs, it can cause imfammatory symptoms similar to those of influenza.
- Cadmium poisoning can cause kidney failure, softening of bones, anemia, coughing, all leading to eventual death.
Consequences
- Respiratory system
pneumonitis, destruction of mucous membranes
- Kidneys
proteinuria, kidney stones, glomerular and tubular damage
- Reproductive system
testicular necrosis, estrogen like effects, affection of steroid-hormone synthesis
- Skeletal System
Loss of bone density and mineralization
Consequences
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How could this be prevented?
- Areas known to contain hazardous substances should not be tampered with. Such substances could have been tested for, although at the time testing would have been very difficult. Perhaps we can learn from this incident and make it mandatory that all mining sites be tested for harmful substances.
How could this be prevented?
References
- https://www.healthandholidays.com/blog/acute-renal-failure/
- http://www.caslab.com/News/cadmium-testing.html
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itai-itai_disease