Wir stellen vor: 

Prezi AI.

Ihr neuer Präsentationsassistent.

Verfeinern, verbessern und passen Sie Ihre Inhalte an, finden Sie relevante Bilder und bearbeiten Sie Bildmaterial schneller als je zuvor.

Wird geladen...
Transkript

SANTA MARIANA DE JESUS SCHOOL

ANALYSIS AND ORIGIN OF PLATO’S ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE AND HOW IT INFLUENCED JOSE SARAMAGO’S LITERARY WORK THE CAVE

VANESSA LUCILA GARZON TELLEZ

ELEVENTH C

BOGOTÁ D.C.,COLOMBIA SEPTEMBER 2018

PROBLEM STATEMENT

PROBLEM STATEMENT

How can the work of Saramago be understood, having prior knowledge of the myth proposed by Plato in the seventh book of the Republic?

OBJECTIVES

OBJECTIVES

General objective

Understand how Saramago uses the myth proposed by Plato in the seventh book of the Republic which shows in a figurative sense how life chains us looking towards the wall of a cave since we are born and how the shadows that we see reflected on the Wall compose our reality in his book The Cave where he interprets it in a modern society

Specific objective

1. Identify the myth of the cavern proposed by Plato and how he uses symbols to refer to the arrival of knowledge to the ignorant human

2. Interpret the book by Jose Saramago The Cave taking into account the myth proposed by Plato to understand it in a real context in a contemporary society

PLATO

Philosopher and mathematician of Ancient Greece,

mentor, Socrates, and his student, Aristotle, lay the foundations of Western philosophy and science.

PHILOSOPHY

solid foundations on which to base justice, beyond the passions that inhabit man.

THE REPUBLIC: BOOK VII

Arithmetic, geometry, astronomy are the sciences that antecedents to learning about rational thought.

ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE

Philosopher trying to educate but people are comfortable in their ignorance, hostile to anyone who points it out

WHAT DOES THE ALLEGORY REPRESENT

Plato with this myth distinguishes 3 dimensions: the anthropological, ontological and epistemological, moral and political.

SYMBOLOGY OF THE ALLEGORY

SYMBOLOGY OF THE ALLEGORY

REFLECTION ON THE ALLEGORY

an animal of habits.

Humanity has evolved thanks to those nonconformist humiliated by their ideas .

BIOGRAPHY OF JOSE SARAMAGO

He died at age 87 caused by chronic leukemia.

BEGINNINGS AS A WRITTER

In 1944 Tierra de pecado, but did not succeed.

Diário de Notícias, Seara Nova, Portuguese Association of Writers

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

living conditions of the workers of Lavre, in the province of Alentejo.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

living conditions of the people in the medieval world

Iberian peninsula was detached from the European continent.

LITERARY WORKS

MOST IMPORTANT

AWARDS

v Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters (France).

v Mondello International Literary Award (Palermo, Italy), 1992 (Essay on blindness).

v Nobel Prize for Literature (October 8, 1998).

MOST IMPORTANT AWARDS

BOOK: THE CAVE

BOOK: THE CAVE

Cipriano imagines them wondering why they were ever made.

Tied to a bench with a rope around their neck and around their feet.

Real-life inspiration for the Allegory of the Cave from Plato's

THE CAVE BASED ON PLATO'S ALLEGORY

The Shopping Center offers is nothing more than a consistent shadow of human reality .

" How could he have let me lock up for three weeks without seeing the sun and the stars? "

Tied with hands and feet, immobile as corpses Saramago presents human petrifaction.

Cipriano Algor, falls, as the prisoners that manages to free himself.

Reality lies buried beneath a welter of virtual experience: we can no longer even tell the weather.

"Western civilization has never been as close to living in Plato's cave as we are now ... We do not longer simply live through images: we live through images that do not even exist."

SYMBOLOGY OF THE CAVE

Found, the lost dog provides a profound contact with the natural world – loyalty and love .

the Algor family takes the revelation but the pottery is defunct and the dominion of the Center keeps growing.

Human affection that enables Cipriano’s family to resist the Center’s dehumanization.

Marta and Marcial remark, “People are so complicated, that’s true, but if we were simple we wouldn’t be people.”

IGNORANCE: DECEPTION OF THE SENSES

ignorance the belief that any knowledge is valid..

knowledge through the senses is false, changeable, imperfect and deceptive.

So, how should we obtain true knowledge?

REAL KNOWLEDGE

that is infallible and that is about the real.

As for infallibility, knowledge must always be true, no matter the conditions to which it is subjected.

what is real? Define that what is real is what we can not doubt it is.

The objects can not guarantee that it is always the same object.

THE PATH TO REAL KNOWLEDGE

The dialectic. works through the confrontation of opinions,which, will bring us closer to real knowledge: the pure idea.

opinion (doxa): reflections of sensitive images.

knowledge (episteme): knowledge we come by means of the senses, but are not pure forms either.

mathematics. are intelligible, but not, unrepeatable.

geometric and arithmetical forms are obtained from operations. Therefore they are composite forms.

Through these composite forms, we reach the level of pure forms and simpler ideas

HUMANS AS IGNORANT BEINGS

Albert Einstein states: "We are all very ignorant. But we do not all ignore the same things. "

So why do we keep calling people "ignorant", if we are too?

everyone has the right to ignore what they want

PLATO'S THEORY OF WORLDS

PLATO'S THEORY OF WORLDS

The Intelligible World (Ideas); perfect world, immutable, and, therefore, knowable.

The Sensible World: material objects; its dynamism is completely unknowable.

the shadows that the prisoners believe to be reality are the sensitive objects.

The prisoners are us

the new reality discovered through the sunlight is the intelligible reality, true reality.

Finally, the prisoner who manages to escape is the soul of the philosopher.

SENSIBLE WORLD

SENSIBLE WORLD

The imagination

forming new ideas of external objects not present to the senses.

such as poetry or painting.

The beliefe

he carpenter knows more about the table than the painter in a canvas because this is mere appearance , while the Carpenter has to make a "real" table.

INTANGIBLE WORLD

INTANGIBLE WORLD

Discursive knowledge (dianoia)

arithmetic or geometry. Both begin with a hypothesis or presuppositions and you need sensitive symbols.

Pure knowledge or intelligence

able to cancel the purely hypothetical principles giving reasons and justifying them rationally. The dialectic has to go back to a non-hypothetical principle from which it can deduce everything else as a consequence.

SYMBOLS FROM THE MYTH APPLIED TO REAL WORLD

the contemporary world of ignorance

ignorant people in this ignorant world.

ISYMBOLS FROM THE MYTH APPLIED

limitation of our thinking

the world of sensory perception which Plato considers an illusion.

difficulty to deny the material world and the acceptance of ignorance after knowing reality.

REAL LIFE EXAMPLES OF THE MYTH

REAL LIFE EXAMPLE OF THE MYTH

The media try to make us live in a world of shadows created by them and hide from us true reality.

humanity must free itself, using reason and real communication among all and not based on the senses or sensations, in order to overcome those who manage the media and escape their manipulation.

To better research my monograph topic, I conducted an interview to a specialized person on the topic.

The interviewee was Claudia Herrera. Undergraduate / University Javeriana Degree in Philosophy and Literature

CONCLUSIONS

v The human being has become an animal of tradition, without reasoning why this tradition. We become slaves of our culture and history.

v in society, the philosophical thought is not valued and great thinkers are not recognized, therefore, we will probably never achieve what Platon wanted to show us

v Saramago, Saramago uses metaphors and symbologies to express the same thing that Plato wanted to express in his myth but in a common situation we can relate to

v Saramago makes us as human beings reflect, where are we going? Are we the corpses that Cipriano finds? It is up to each person to answer these questions based on where they consider our society is taking us

v The imperfect world is the sensible world, which is constantly changing, what remains is the idea of the objects.

the intelligible world is the world of those perfect ideas that always remain the same, we as humans give more importance to the sensible world, to everything superficial, which leads us to be ignorant

v The human being is an ignorant being, we will never be able to reach absolute knowledge, we are able to try and when we do we will find ourselves further away from ignorance because to try is to acquire as much knowledge as possible, but we will remain ignorant

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Aristotle (1994), Metaphysics, Madrid, Gredos [Trad. Tomás Calvo Martínez].

Melling, David J. (1991), Introduction to Plato, Madrid, Alianza Editorial [Trad.

Nuño, Juan A. (1988), The Thought of Plato, Mexico, FCE.

Plato, Dialogues, Madrid, Gredos, 9 T.

Wahl, Jean (1990), "Plato", in Brice Parain [dir.], History of Philosophy, T. 2, The

Greek Philosophy, Mexico, Siglo XXI Editores, pp. 51-173.

Biography José Saramago. Recovered from: http://www.buscabiografias.com/biografia/verDetalle/1696/Jose%20Saramago

REFERENCES

Bradbury. Ray. Fahrenheit 451. New York: Ballantine Publishing Group. 1953.

2600. The Hacker Quarterly. ACLU Challenges Censorware. DMCA. 28 Sept. 2002

hypertext transfer protocol: //www. 2600. com/news/display. shtml? id=1274

Saramago, J, 1998, La Caverna, Portugal.

Plato, The Republic, introduction by Manuel Fernández-Galiano, trans. by José Manuel Pabón and Manuel Fernández-Galiano, 9th reimp., Madrid, Alianza Editorial, 2011, p. 405. [Links] See note 1 of book VII.

Plato, "The Republic", in Plato, Diálogos, Madrid, Gredos, 2011, p. 222, 514a [Links]

Ibid., Pp. 242-243, 533d. For the arts he has described he refers to arithmetic, flat geometry, solid geometry, astronomy and harmony. See Conrado Eggers Lan, El Sol, la línea y la caverna, Buenos Aires, Ediciones Colihue, 2000, p. 43-60. [Links]

Raymundo Salas Morales, "The myth: threshold of knowledge", in The myth of the cave. Truth and society, Raúl Ruvalcaba Rodríguez (coord.), Mexico, UNAM, 2007, p. 3. 4.

GRACIAS

Erfahren Sie mehr über das Erstellen von dynamischen und fesselnden Präsentationen mit Prezi