USA

13th Colonies

= a group of British colonies on the east coast of North America that declared independence in 1776 and formed the United States of America.

It happened after the so known "Boston Tea Party"

New England colonies

Southern colonies

Middle colonies

• Province of Maryland
• Colony and Dominion of Virginia
• Province of Carolina
• Province of Georgia

• Province of New York
• Province of New Jersey
• Province of Pennsylvania
• Delaware Colony

• Province of New Hampshire
• Province of Massachusetts Bay
• Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
• Connecticut Colony

• 1776: Congress approved the written US Declaration of Independence

• 1783: American Revolutionary War

• 1789: Election George Washington was elected as the President in NY
• US Constitution came into effect

• 1793: The Fugitive Slave Law passed

AFRICAN'S SLAVERY:

• Legal institution primarily of Africans and African Americans
• Practice in British America + 13th Colonies
• Begin of movements that abolished slavery

• Treatment varied widely depending on conditions, times, places

• Slaves were punished very harshly

• There were slaves codes to help regulate the relationship between slave & worker

• 1801: Thomas Jefferson was elected President

• 1845: The slave trade was abolished

• 1860: Abraham Lincoln was elected President

• 1863: President Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation freeing slaves in those states that had seceded

• 1865: President Lincoln was assassinated
• The 13th Amendment to US Constitution is passed

1790 to 1860:

US Constitution barred the federal government from prohibiting the importation of slaves for 20 years The only State still allowing slavery was SOUTH CAROLINA (smuggling)

• In response to the inability to import new slaves slaveholders improved the living conditions of their slaves
• Slave women were at risk for rape and sexual abuse
• US citizens could participate financially in the international slave trade
• Prices of slaves reflected their characteristics

• Emancipation Proclamation changed the status of "slaves" to "free"

Authorized enlistment of African Americans in the Union Army (200.000 soldiers/sailors)

• 1901: Theodore Roosevelt was elected President
• 1904: The Panama Canal Zone was acquired by US from France
• 1908: The Bureau of Investigation (FBI) was established
• 1917: The US declared war on Germany - WW1
• 1919: WW1 ended with the Treaty of Versailles
• 1921: The Tulsa Race Riot occurred - deaths of up to 300 African Americans & more than 8.000 homeless
• 1929: Wall Street Crash
• 1932: Franklin Delano Roosevelt is elected President
• 1939: Invasion of Poland: start of the WW2
• 1941: Attack on Pearl Harbor - the US declares war on the Empire of Japan = entry into the WW2
• 1944: D-day: Normandy Landings - Invasion of Normandy = Liberation of Paris
• 1945: Yalta Conference: Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin met to discuss the reorganization of Europe after the war
• Atomic bombings on Hiroshima & Nagasaki
• 1955: The Civil Rights Movement began
• Rosa Parks was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama

• 1960: John Fitzgerald Kennedy was elected President
• 1963: J.F.K. was assassinated by a sniper in Dallas, Texas
• 1964: Dr. King became the youngest person ever to be awarded to the Nobel Prize
• 1968: Dr. M.L.K. was assassinated by a sniper in Memphis, Tennessee
• Apollo 8: The first manned spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit

Reconstruction to present

• Reconstruction Era: federal troops were stationed to protect black rights

still ways of involuntary servitude (convict leasing, peonage, sharecropping)

• Circular No. 3591: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt instructed to actively investigate involuntary servitude/slavery = convict leasing was officially abolished
• Many black and white religious organizations (+) created and fund educational programs for those in need important step for the freedmen and other African Americans facing illiteracy

• Civil Rights Movement - use of nonviolent campaigns -

goal: securing legal rights for African Americans

- Civil Rights Act of 1964: banned discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex

- Voting Rights Act of 1965: restored and protected voting rights for minorities

- Fair Housing Act of 1968: banned discrimination in the sale or rental of housing

MARTIN LUTHER KING Jr.

(January 15, 1929 - April 4 1968)

• American Baptist minister & activist
• Leader of the civil rights movement from 1954 to 1968
• He led the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott
• March on Washington (August, 1963) - "I Have a Dream"
• He won on October 14, 1964 the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolent resistance
• He also focused on poverty and the Vietnam War
• He was assassinated on 1968 by James Earl Ray

• It was established a holiday in his name around the date of his Birthday

Present days -

• 2001: George W. Bush was inaugurate as the 43th President of USA
• September 11: Terrorist attack - four planes crashed into the World Trade Center (twin towers), The Pentagon and into an open field in Pennsylvania
• War in Afghanistan
• 2008: the US House of Representatives passed a resolution apologizing for American slavery and discriminatory laws
• November 4: Barack Obama was elected the 44th President of USA
• 2011: Death of Osama bin Laden: he was killed by USA's forces in Pakistan
• 2016: Donald Trump was elected the 45th President of USA

BLACK LIVES MATTER

• Activist movement against violence and systemic racism towards black people.
• It speaks out against police killings of black people
• It represents all the "black folks" such as: queer, trans, disabled, black-undocumented, women ...

TIMELINE OF THE STATES BY ORDER OF ENTRY INTO UNION

• DELAWARE, PENNSYLVANIA, NEW JERSEY: 1787
• GEORGIA, CONNECTICUT, MASSACHUSETTS, MARYLAND, SOUTH CAROLINA, NEW HAMPSHIRE, VIRGINIA, NEW YORK: 1788
• NORTH CAROLINA: 1789
• RHODE ISLAND: 1790
• VERMONT: 1791
• KENTUCKY: 1792
• TENNESSEE: 1796
• OHIO: 1803
• LOUISIANA: 1812
• INDIANA: 1816
• MISSISSIPPI: 1817
• ILLINOIS: 1818
• ALABAMA: 1819
• MAINE: 1820

• MISSOURI: 1821
• ARKANSAS: 1836
• MICHIGAN: 1837
• FLORIDA, TEXAS: 1845
• IOWA: 1846
• WISCONSIN: 1848
• CALIFORNIA: 1850
• MINNESOTA: 1858
• OREGON: 1859
• KANSAS: 1861
• WEST VIRGINIA: 1863
• NEVADA: 1864
• NEBRASKA: 1867
• COLORADO, NORTH DAKOTA: 1876
• SOUTH DAKOTA, MONTANA, WASHINGTON: 1889
• IDAHO, WYOMING: 1890
• UTAH: 1896
• OKLAHOMA: 1907
• NEW MEXICO, ARIZONA: 1912
• ALASKA, HAWAII: 1959

• https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rights_movement
• https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr.
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rights_movement - cite_note-Atlantic-3
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_history
• https://www.infoplease.com/history-and-government/us-history/states-order-entry-union
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States#Revolutionary_era
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1789–1849)