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Bdeogale

Herpestidae Cladogram

by: Jacob Kwon

Rhynchogale melleri

Paracynictis selousi

Cynictis penicillata

Ichenumia albicada

Galerella sanguinea

Galerella pulverulenta

Herpestinae

Galerella ochracea

Galerella flavescens

Galerella nigrata

"Herpestes" ichneumon

Atilax paludinosus

Herpestidae

"Herpestes" naso

Herpestes

Mungotinae

Suricata suricatta

Helogale

Dologale dybowskii

Crossarchus

Liberiictis kuhni

Mungos

Herpestidae Overview

  • Domain: Eukaryota, Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Mammalia, Order: Carnivora
  • consists of 23 different species
  • Herpestidae is divided into two sub-families: the Herpestinae and the Mungotinae
  • includes mongoose species, meerkats, and kusimanse (dwarf mongoose)
  • members generally have long bodies and faces along with short legs and tapered tails

Bdeogale

  • mongoose genus consists of 4 species: Bdeogale crassicauda (bushy-tailed mongoose), Bdeogale nigripes (black-footed mongoose), Bdeogale jacksoni (Jackson's mongoose), and Bdeogale omnivora (Sokoke dog mongoose)
  • genus was proposed by Wilhem Peters, a German naturalist and explorer
  • they are mostly terrestrial and are omnivores
  • forage in dense vegetation
  • physical traits include compact paws with 4 symmetrical toes and a broud and bare rhinarium
  • lives in some Central African countries and also Kenya and Tanzania

Rhynchogale melleri

  • Rhynchogale consists of one species: Rhynchogale melleri (Meller's mongoose)
  • medium to large sized body with a dark or light brown coat
  • upper parts of body are grizzled
  • can be found in Tanzania, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Mozambique, Swaziland, and northeastern South Africa
  • lives in a savanna environment, feeding mainly off of termites and other insects, but can also be found in montane bamboo forests in Tanzania and the miombo woodlands in Zambia
  • are nocturnal and solitary species

Paracynictis selousi

  • the genus Paracynictis has only one species: paracynictis selousi (Selou's mongoose)
  • is native to Southern Africa (Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique)
  • body's color can be between pale grey to a tawny gray with pale underside and black or brown legs
  • has white fur at the tip of the tail
  • nocturnal and can defend itself much like a skunk by expelling a strong-smelling excretion from its anal gland
  • primarily eats invertebrates, but can also eat small rodents, amphibians, birds, and reptiles
  • lives in open scrub and woodlands

Cynictis penicillata

  • the genus Cynictis has only one species: cynictis penicillata (Yellow Mongoose), which is further divided into 12 sub-species
  • nicknamed the "red meerkat"
  • lives in semi-desert scrub lands and grasslands in Angola, Botswana, South Africa, Namibia, and Zimbabwe
  • lighter underbelly, chin, bushier tail, and no sexual dimorphism
  • Southern and Northern sub-species differ in color and size
  • are primarily diurnal and live in colonies in burrowing complexes
  • feeds off of termites, rodents, small birds, grasshoppers, and crickets

Ichenumia albicauda

  • the genus Ichenumia has one species: Ichenumia albicauda (white-tailed mongoose)
  • noted as one of the heaviest and longest mongoose species
  • long and narrow head, yellow or tan coat with black guard hairs, and black legs
  • almost half of its tail is white fur
  • lives in savanna woodlands or semi-deserts of South Africa and parts of the Arabian peninsula
  • also expels a noxious substance from its anal gland
  • eats mainly insects but can also eat a wide variety of small animals such as shrews, lizards, small birds, and rats

Gallerella sanguinea

  • Gallerella sanguinea(yellow mongoose) has fifty sub-species
  • nicknamed the "black-tipped mongoose" or "black-tailed mongoose"
  • most common in savannas and semi-arid plains all throughout sub-Saharan Africa
  • wide range of fur color including dark-reddish brown, orange, red, gray, yellow and black or red tips on their tails
  • primarily diurnal and can live in dens together
  • eats mainly insects but can also eat snakes, birds, amphibians, and even fruit if available

Galerella pulverulenta

  • a.k.a. Cape grey mongoose
  • dark-grey with a dark tipped tail and darker legs
  • lives in a wide range of habitats including macchia-type vegetation, forests in the Cape Province and some parts of southern Angola
  • can also live under the floors of outbuildings
  • mainly eats rodents and insects but can also eat small birds, reptiles, and even carrion and garbage
  • usually diurnal and solitary species, but litters stay with family party until late adolescence

Gallerella Ochracea

  • a.k.a Somlian slender mongoose
  • has 4 sub-species (Galerella ochracea bocagei, Galerella ochracea fulvidior, Galerella ochracea ochracea, and Galerella ochracea perfulvidus)
  • found in Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Africa
  • has an orange or red coat with a dark tip at its tail
  • it is currently under the Least Concern conservation status according to the International Union for the Conservative Nature (IUCN)

Galerella flavescens

  • a.k.a Angolan slender mongoose
  • lives in rocky outcrops and areas with granite boulders and woodlands (and the surrounding areas) in southwestern Angola and northwestern Namibia
  • northern mongooses have yellow or reddish-brown coats while southern mongooses are black or dark brown
  • diet consists of insects, scorpions, spiders, and vertebrates like small birds and reptiles
  • preyed on by larger animals like the African hawk-eagle
  • diurnal and largely solitary

Galerella nigrata

  • a.k.a black mongoose
  • lives in areas with large boulders and rocky outcrops in northwest Namibia and southwest Angola
  • has almost a completely black coat with the exception of dark-reddish hues at its flank
  • mainly eat Sarchaphogid flies and other insects, but also can eat small mammals and birds
  • like many mongoose species, they are usually solitary, but occasionally meet when finding an abundant food source
  • known to stalk and pursue prey larger than itself like guinea fowl and drongos

Herpestes Ichneumon

  • a.k.a Egyptian mongoose
  • original binomial name (Viverra ichneumon) was proposed by Carl Linnaeus, but was later changed to Herpestes Ichneumon by Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger
  • found in the Iberian Peninsula, coastal regions near the Mediterranean Sea, and the tropical and subtropical grasslands, shrub lands, and savannas all over Africa
  • has grey to reddish-brown fur with yellow and brown flecks, a long black tipped tail, and furless hind feet
  • feasts on small vertebrates like birds and reptiles, but also eats fruits and eggs

Atilax paludinosus

  • part of the Atilax genus, which has only one 1 species
  • is also known as the March mongoose
  • has reddish brown to black with white or fawn colored guard hairs and has five flexible digits with claws in each foot
  • found all throughout sub-Saharan Africa from Senegal to Ethiopia as well as much of Southern Africa in marshes, swamps, and estuaries in coastal regions
  • is an excellent swimmer, using their feet to paddle
  • eats rodents, snakes, insects, snails and slugs, fruits, and seeds

Herpestes naso

  • also known as the Long-nosed mongoose
  • native to rainforests and wetlands all over central Africa
  • can have a brown coat with darker legs and a black tipped tail
  • is solitary and often chooses different regions for night-time resting
  • habitat is often destroyed by mining, logging, and many agricultural practices

Herpestes

  • is a genus consisting of eleven living mongoose species
  • members are all sexually dimorphic and solitary
  • males in this genus have one less chromosome than females
  • scientific name was proposed by Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger
  • found all throughout the world from Africa to Southeast Asia

Suricata suricatta

  • also known as meerkats
  • have three sub-species
  • have large eyes, pointed snouts, long legs, a thin tapered tail, a brindled coat
  • live in savannas, open plains, and rocky areas in South Africa
  • are eusocial and can live in packs from 2-30 meerkats
  • eats primarily insects, but can also eat amphibians, arthropods, and small birds and reptiles
  • use a broad repertoire of vocal sounds to communicate with each other

Helogale

  • is a genus consisting of two species (Ethiopian dwarf mongoose and the common dwarf mongoose) and a total of 12 sub-species
  • are the smallest mongoose species in the Herpestidae family
  • both species are native to eastern and southern Africa
  • Helogales are diurnal and are vulnerable to predation due to their small size
  • live independently of open water

Dologale dybowskii

  • a.k.a Pousargues's mongoose or the African tropical savannah mongoose
  • only species in the genus Dologale
  • found in the tropical savannahs of central Africa (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Sudan, and the Central African Republic)
  • has a brown coat with a grey belly and face, a bushy tail, and strong claws
  • named after Jean Dybowskii, who collected the specimen

Crossarchus

  • is a genus from the Herpestidae family that consists of 4 species
  • members are known as kusimanses or "dwarf mongoose"
  • found in the swamplands and forests of central and western Africa
  • are small , diurnal, highly social mongooses
  • feed on insects, larvae, crabs, small reptiles, and berries
  • can live up to groups of 10-24
  • can use whistling calls to communicate

Liberiictus kuhni

  • is the only species in the genus Liberiictus
  • is also known as the Liberian mongoose
  • feed on earthworms and various insects
  • travel in groups between 3-8 individuals
  • has a dark brown body and has an elongated snout
  • is listed as an endangered species and sightings are very rare

Mungos

  • is a genus that has two species (Mungos gambianus and Mungos mungo)
  • found in savannahs and woodlands all over central and Southern Africa
  • was proposed by Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and Frédéric Cuvier
  • both species have grizzled grey and brown coats
  • Mungos live in large groups ranging from 7-40 individuals
  • primarily eat insects and small reptiles
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