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Spatial Memory and Age Differences

Jingyi Yuan

Thesis

Cognitive abilities decline with age, and older adults perform worse than younger adults in spatial memory tasks.

Evidence 1

Memory for Spatial Information in Young and Old Adults

Evidence 1

Light, L. L., & Zelinski, E. M. (1983). Memory for spatial information in young and old adults. Developmental Psychology, 19(6), 901-906. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.19.6.901

Abstract

ABSTRACT

"This study evaluates the claim that memory for spatial information is automatic. Young and older adults studied a map containing 12 structures. Half of the people in each age group were asked to remember both the structures and their locations (intentional learning), and the remaining half were led to believe they would be tested only on the structures (incidental learning). Both age and test expectations affected memory for the locations of structures, with older people and people in the incidental groups performing more poorly. It was concluded that memory for spatial location is not automatic."

Purpose:

Compared intentional and incidental learning of spatial information to test whether memory for spatial information is automatic

Light, & Zelinski (1983)

EXPERIMENT

Participants:

46 young adults (17 males, 29 females) with a mean age of 24.39 years (range = 18-35) and 49 older adults (13 males, 36 females) with a mean age of 65.53 (range = 51-80)

Procedure

Participants received a four-page booklet containing (a) a practice map with instructions, (b) a test on the practice map, (c) the main map (21 cm X 15 cm in size) to be studied, and (d) the test on this map.

PROCEDURE

1. Practice Task

2. Main Task

In the intentional learning condition

  • A map with 4 unfilled circles indicating locations and 4 number structures arrayed along the side of the test page.
  • Chose the 3 structures they had seen originally and entered their numbers in 3 circles on the test map.
  • Remember the structures and their locations.

Practice Task

In the incidental learning condition

  • Selecting 3 of 4 structures with no map indicated.
  • Remember the structures.

Main Task

Main Task

PICTURES

PICTURES

TOPIC 3

Evidence 2

TIMELINE

2019

TIMELINE

MAP

MAP

TOPIC 4

Conclusion

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