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Causes of WWII
Introduction to WWII Video
Causes of WWII
- There were many events throughout the world that led to the beginning of WWII. In many ways, WWII was a direct result of the turmoil left behind by WWI.
- The Treaty of Versailles ended WWI between Germany and the Allied Powers. Because Germany had lost the war, the treaty was very harsh against Germany.
- Germany was forced to "accept the responsibility" of the war damages suffered by the Allies. The treaty required that Germany pay a huge sum of money called reparations.
- The problem with the treaty is that it left the German economy in ruins. People were starving and the government was in chaos.
Japanese Expansion
- In the period before World War II, Japan was growing rapidly. However, as an island nation they did not have the land or the natural resources to sustain their growth. Japan began to look to grow their empire in order to gain new resources. They invaded Manchuria in 1931 and China in 1937.
- Going into WWII, the nation imported 88 percent of its oil and was utterly dependent on raw material imports to sustain its industrial base.
Fascism
- With the economic turmoil left behind by WWI, some countries were taken over by dictators who formed powerful fascist governments.
- These dictators wanted to expand their empires and were looking for new lands to conquer.
- The first fascist government was Italy which was ruled by the dictator Benito Mussolini.
- Italy invaded and took over Ethiopia in 1935.
- Adolf Hitler would later emulate Mussolini in his takeover of Germany.
- Another Fascist government was Spain ruled by the dictator Francisco Franco.
Hitler and the Nazi Party
- In Germany, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party rose to power. The Germans were desperate for someone to turn around their economy and restore their national pride. Hitler offered them hope.
- In 1934, Hitler was proclaimed the "Fuhrer" (leader) and became dictator of Germany. Hitler resented the restrictions put on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles. While talking about peace, Hitler began to rearm Germany.
- He allied Germany with Mussolini and Italy. Then Hitler looked to restore Germany to power by expanding his empire. He first took over Austria in 1938. When the League of Nations did nothing to stop him, Hitler became bolder and took over Czechoslovakia in 1939.
Appeasement
- After WWI, the nations of Europe were weary and did not want another war.
- When countries such as Italy and Germany became aggressive and began to take over their neighbors and build up their armies, countries such as Britain and France hoped to keep peace through "appeasement."
- This meant that they tried to make Germany and Hitler happy rather than try to stop him. They hoped that by meeting his demands he would be satisfied and there wouldn't be any war.
- Unfortunately, the policy of appeasement backfired. It only made Hitler bolder. It also gave him time to build up his army.
- As part of their appeasement policy, Britain and France agreed to let Hitler have part of Czechoslovakia in the Munich Agreement. Czechoslovakia had no say in the deal. The Czechoslovakians called the agreement the "Munich Betrayal."
Great Depression
- The period before World War II was a time of great economic suffering throughout the world called the Great Depression. Many people were out of work and struggling to survive. This created unstable governments and worldwide turmoil that helped lead to World War II.
- Because of the Great Depression, many countries were experiencing strong fascist and communist movements including France and Great Britain prior to the war.
What About the League of Nations?
- The League of Nations was founded as one of the outcomes of the Paris Peace Conference which ended WWI.
- The League was the first permanent organization which had the primary mission of keeping the peace world-wide. The means to prevent wars was to be through collective disarmament and solving disputes through negotiation and if need-be, economic sanctions.
- Between September 1934 and February 1935, the league had a maximum of 58 member states. Notably, the United States and Germany were not members of the League.
Continued...
- Unfortunately, during the build-up to the start of WWII, the League proved insufficient in preventing the aggression by Japan and Germany in the 1930s.
- Some of the reasons for this failure include: not all countries in the world were members, the League did not have a dedicated army or armed forces, and it relied on the member nations to enforce economic sanctions.
- After the end of WWII, the League of Nations would be replaced by the United Nations (UN).
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