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Transcript
Distinguishing Verbs from Verbals
By : Lesly Claribell Paz
Thursday, May 7, 2020
Verbals
A verbal is a verb form used as a noun, adjective, or adverb.
The three kinds of verbals are
participles
gerunds
infinitives
To distinguish verbs from verbals, remember two things:
Kinds of Verbals
a
A verb has a subject in the nominative case. A verbal will not have a subject in the nominative case.
A verbal, although it keeps most characteristics of a verb, functions as another part of speech in a sentence.
b
Participles
A participle is a verb form used as an adjective. It modifies a noun or a pronoun. Present participles end in -ing. Past participles often end in -d, -ed, -t, or -en.
1
Working rapidly, we completed the task in record time. (Completed is the verb. Notice that completed has a subject, we, and the subject is in the nominative case. Working is the participle; it is used as an adjective to modify the pronoun we.)
2
The poor horse, ridden to exhaustion, could barely stand. (Could stand is the verb. Ridden is the participle.)
They were trapped in an abandoned mine. (Were trapped is the verb. Abandoned is the participle.)
3
Gerunds
A gerund is a verb form used as a noun. Like nouns, gerunds can be used as subjects, direct objects, objects of prepositions, predicate nominatives, and appositives. The gerund ends in -ing.
1
Jogging is a popular exercise. (Is is the verb. Jogging is a gerund, used as the subject.)
2
Our pastor enjoys Preaching. (Enjoys is the verb. Preaching is a gerund, used as the direct object.)
Faith comes by hearing the Word of God. (Comes is the verb. Hearing is a gerund, used as the object of the preposition.)
3
Their big mistake was trusting the Communists. (Was is the verb. Trusting is a gerund, used as the predicate nominative.)
4
His problem, idolizing rock stars, was resolved when he trusted Christ. (Was resolved is the verb. Idolizing is a gerund, used as an appositive.)
5
Infinitives
An infinitive is a verb form used as a noun, adjective, or adverb. Like nouns, infinitives can be used as subjects, direct objects, objects of prepositions, predicate nominatives, and appositives. The infinitive is usually preceded by the word to.
1
To learn self-discipline is to conquer one's self. (To learn is used as the subject; to conquer is used as a predicate nominative.)
Ashley likes to listen to opera. (To listen is used as the direct object.)
2
3
Having missed the bus, he had no choice except to walk. (To walk is the object of the preposition except.)
4
God's command, to dress modestly, must not be ignored. (To dress is an appositive.)
5
They have a truckload of tomatoes to sell. (To sell is used as an adjective to modify the noun tomatoes.)
6
He studied to show himself approved unto God. (To show is used as an adverb to modify the verb studied.)
Practice
Practice
Exercise A - C. p.102
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