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HA Lesson 16 - Life in the West - Tanvi Doshi
4
HA Lesson 16 - Life in the West
By: Tanvi Doshi
Period 4
Up the Missouri River
* In May 1804 Lewis and Clark began their private expidition.
* The first few days were tough as they were rowing up the current of the Missouri River.
* In the summer the explorers reach Native American territory.
* The explorers relied on the help of a young Native American girl Sacagawea.
The
Explorers
Zebulon Pike's published
reports of his expidition led to interest in the Southwestern parts.
To the Pacific and Back
To the Pacific and Back
* In the spring of 1805 the explorers continued their journey up the missouri river.
* By late summer the Rocky Mountains were in view. The explorers would have to cross this river before winter struck.
* Sacagawea helped the explorers aquire horses.
* Thanks to the hospitality of the Native Americans the explorers were able to live through harsh seasons.
* After winter the explorers reached the Pacific Ocean.
The Explorers' Legacy
The Explorers' Legacy
* In september 1806 the explorers returned to their home--St.Louis.
* Although Louis and Clark did not achieve their original goal they were able to successfully route a map to the Pacific Ocean.
* Many other explorers--like Louis and Clark--helped pave the way for future settlement in the west.
* Due to the rumors of Wealth in Spanish towns, many traveled westward.
* John C. Fremont was able to help correct many of the mistakes in other explorers maps.
The California Missions
The Californios lived their
lived with much pride and prosperity.
* In 1769 a Spanish Missionary led soilders and preists North to California with a goal of converting the Natives to Chrisitianity.
* Many Indians were treated harshly and died due to knew diseases brought by the newcomers.
* Settlers followed the missionaries to California.
* When Mexico won its independance it gained control of California and unfairly took the land that was supposed to be split to the Native Americans.
The Californios
Life on the Ranchos
Life on the Ranchos
* Life on the Ranchos combined hard work and occasional social gatherings. The majority of people lived simple lives in adobe houses.
* The Ranchos were so huge that neighbors lived at least a days journey apart.
* In the 1830s cattle ranching became California's biggest industry as it was useful for trading in exchange for other goods being imported.
* Since California was so far off from the Mexican capital it was neglected.
The Californios' Legacy
The Californios' Legacy
* In 1846, the U.S. captured California while in war with Mexico. This made the Californos minorities.
* The Californios left a lasting mark, as they introduced many famous crops. Such as grapes, olives, and citrus fruits.
The Trapper's Life
* Trapper's--also knows as mountain men--typically lived hard and died young.
* Trapper's lives were filled with hazards. Fur theives, Indians, wolves, and bears attacked them.
* Trapper's lives were filled with risks. Any misplaces steps on mountains or misjudged river rapids would result in death.
The Mountain Men
Mountain Men were rugged indvidualists who wore shorts and trousers made of animal hides.
Freedom and Adventure
Freedom and Adventure
* Mountain Men lived this dangerous and risky life because of the freedom and adventure it provided.
* Beckwourth was an adventurer who discovered the lowest pass across the Sierra Nevada range. It is known today as the Beckwourth Pass.
The Mountain Men's Legacy
The Mountain Men's Legacy
* The mountain men's routes as they pioneers helped future pioneers to travel westward. Their trading posts turned into supply stations for the settlers.
* Mountain men also left many stories that today make people laugh and cry. As many men who lived this adventurous and free life kept journals.
A difficult start
* When the group reached Oregon, they split up.
* After three years the Spaldings were able to baptise a few people.
* The Whitmans were less successful, as the Cayuse were far more interested in the white missionaries' weapons and tools than in their religion.
The Missionaries
Missionaries traveled to Oregan in hopes of converting natives to Christianity.
A Pioneer's Paradise
A Pioneer's Paradise
* Marcus Whiteman was more successful in getting people to believe that Oregan was a "Pioneer's Paradise."
* In 1842 Marcus took multiple trips guiding Pioneer's to Oregan.
* In 1847 measles spread west and many settlers got sick.
The Missionaries' Legacy
The Missionaries' Legacy
* A few Indians were converted to Christianity but many died do to disease that was unknown to them.
* The missionaries' true legacy was to open the West settlement.
On the Trail
* Between 1840 and 1869 about 350000 people traveled west in covered wagons.
* The journey west lasted 4 - 6 months and covering around 2000 miles.
* Women were expected to do the work they did back home. Such as cooking, washing clothes, and caring for kids.
* Women on these journies were often quite tired.
The Pioneer Women
Pioneer women were expected to do all the house work.
Trail Hazards
Trail Hazards
* Death was quite common on this journey. From disease to accidents such as drowing in rivers.
* Many people wrote journals about what they saw and stories formed based off their very long journey.
* For some African American Women traveling westward brought them freedom.
The Pioneer Women's Legacy
The Pioneer Women's Legacy
* The journey west changed many pioneer women. Due to all the hard work they became stronger people.
* Women did “set things going.” Wherever they settled, they established schools, churches, libraries, literary societies, and charitable groups.
* Women started active movements to give them rights--such as voting.
A Persecuted Group
* The Mormons were members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, which Joseph Smith had founded in 1830.
* Smith's followers lived in small communities however their neighbors persecuted them wherever they lived.
* Many people were offened by the mormons beliefs and values.
The Mormons
When Mormons were unable to purchase wagons or oxen for the journey, they pulled their belongings in handcarts.
West to Utah
West to Utah
* Young was a practical and religious leader.
* Young carefully planned every detail of the trek to Utah, and the pioneers he led west stopped along the way to build shelters and plant crops for those who would follow.
* Young lead many people and when he died there were 125000 Mormons living in 500 settlements.
* The Mormons' created new tatics to grow plants in dry land.
The Mormons' Legacy
The Mormons' Legacy
* The Mormons pioneered the farming methods later adapted by future settlers.
* The Mormons were able to help pioneers travel westward.
* To the Mormons, however, their greatest legacy was the faith they planted so firmly in the Utah desert.
The World Rushes In
The search for gold was difficult. Miners spent long days looking for gold and likely not finding much.
* By 1849, tens of thousands of gold-seekers from around the world joined the California gold rush.
* The journey to California was one of the many hardships during the California gold rush.
* Most forty-niners were young, and almost all were men.
The Fourty-Niners
Life in the Mining Camps
Life in the Mining Camps
* Merchants made fortunes selling eggs for $6 a dozen and flour for $400 a barrel.
* Mining Camps were often not safe as with no policer officers crime often broke out.
* Digging for gold was hard and tedious work, and the miners spent long days digging up mud, dirt, and stones.
The Forty-Niners' Legacy
The Forty-Niners' Legacy
* By 1852, the gold rush was over. Around 250,000 people traveled to California.
* By 1850, California had enough people to become the first state in the far west.
An Uncertain Welcome
* At first the citizens of the U.S. welcomed the Chinese happily.
* Attitudes toward immigrants began to change. The Chinese were now under attack as well.
* American miners called on the government to drive foreigners out of the goldfields.
The Chinese
Thousands of Chinese left their homes to try to strike rich in California. Although many didn't achieve this dream their knowledge of farming helped the development.
Chinese People Stay
Chinese People Stay
* The chinese payed the taxes put on them and stayed. The citizens then tried to force them off by burning their sacks and beating them up.
* Discouraged Chinese immigrants left the mines to open restaurants, laundries, and stores in California's growing cities.
* Other Chinese put their farming skills to work by draining swamps and digging irrigation ditches to water arid fields in California.
The Legacy of the Chinse Immigrants
The Legacy of the Chinese Immigrants
* The Chinese despite continued prejudice against them, their hard work, energy, and skills greatly benefited California and other western states.
* The Chinese not only helped to build the West, but they also made it a more interesting place to live. Wherever they lived they brought their culture.