Introducing
Your new presentation assistant.
Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.
Trending searches
Postmodern Approach
5
Postmodern Approach
Charlee Kapiioho
Victoria Domingo
Social Constructionism
Background
- Modernist vs Postmodernist view of reality.
-values the client's reality, clients viewed
as expert
- reality is based on language, socially
constructed
- language used to create stories, meaning
- everyone has their own perspective on
the "reality" of the situation
- from the self to the concept of socially
storied lives
MORE!!
Social Constructionism in THERAPY
De Jong and Berg (2013)
- Therapist is NOT the expert, clients are.
- collaborative partnership
- Focus = Understanding stories & Deconstructing language processes > assessment & technique.
- Grounded on the premise that knowledge is constructed through social processes.
- People are constantly changing with the influences of FAMILY, CULTURE, & SOCIETY.
Collaborative Language Systems Approach
ROLES
- Therapist: not-knowing position*
- therapist listens "not knowing" the client's story
- therapist is empathic and curious about understanding the client's world
- Client: Expert
- who informs and shares with the therapist about their story/life
CONVERSATION PROCESS
- Therapist enters w/ some sense of what the client whats to address.
- Questioning based off answers client already answered.
- Client answers, providing information stimulating interest in therapist.
- Therapist questions, based off answer... REPEAT :)
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy
- Insoo Kim Berg and Steve de Shazer
- future-focused, goal-oriented
- emphasize strengths
- optimistic, antideterministic, future-oriented approach
Instead of problem solving, we focus on solution-building
Positive Orientation
Looking for what is right
Key Concepts
- people are competent
- people have ability to resolve the challenges
life brings us
- recognize the competencies clients already
possess and apply towards solutions
- help clients realize that change is possible
- parallel with positive psychology,
concentrate on what is right and what is working for people rather than dwelling on weaknesses and problems
- When you know what is working, do more of it. If something is not working, try something different.
- “Tell me about times when you felt a little better and when things were going your way.”
MORE!
Basic Assumptions
Therapeutic Process
- "How can I help you?" - describe problems
- "What will be differently in your life when your problems are solved?" - develop goals
- therapist asks questions; client expert on their own life
- solution-building conversation
Goals
- unique to each client
- client creates own goals
Goals
- positive language
- action-oriented
- here and now
- attainable, concrete, specific, measurable
- controlled by the client
Therapists Function and Role
Therapist Function and Role
- therapists take a not-knowing position to put clients in position of being expert of their own lives
- therapists are experts in the process of change
- therapist asks questions
Therapeutic Relationship
Three kinds of relationships:
- customer: working therapeutic relationship
- complainant: client believes that the solution is not his/her responsibility
- visitor: client does not agree that he/she has a problem; comes to therapy because someone else thinks the client has a problem
Techniques
- Pretherapy Change
- Exception Questions
- Miracle Question
- Scaling Questions
- Formula First Session Task (FFST)
- Therapist Feedback to Clients
- Terminating
Application to Group Counseling
Application to Group
- the facilitator sets a solution-focused tone from the beginning
- group leader works with the group members to develop well-formed goals asap
- asks when problems were not present or were less severe
- advantage of group: more input is possible
- art of questioning
Narrative Therapy
Individuals construct the meaning of life in interpretive stories, which then are treated as the "truth". (White 1992)
- Powerful dominate culture narratives
Key Concepts
Focus on Narrative Therapy
The role of Stories
Listening w/ an open mind
Key Concepts
Therapeutic Process
- No use of DSM or DIAGNOSIS in narrative therapy.
- Externalizing and Deconstructing the problem:
- Name and personify the problem
- Investigate how the problem has been discouraging the client
- Search for exceptions to discover times when the client wasn't discouraged by the problem.
- Ask client to think about the future.
- Creating an audience for client's new story so he/she can live it outside of therapy.
Video: 1:37 to 6:16
Goals
- To invite people to describe their experience in a new language.
- Enabling clients to develop new meanings.
- Seek to enlarge their client's perspective and facilitate discovery or creation.
Goals
Therapists Function and Role
Therapists Role
& Relationship
- Understand the narrative, the positives and strengths of the client.
- Look for an alternate way to understand the narrative or build new narratives that are not problem-focused.
- Role similar to an investigative reporter and non-directive collaborator. Placing emphasis on CLIENT being the EXPERT.
- Characteristics:
- Extremely curious
- Respectful, not intruding.
- Focusing on the client's description and perception
- Understanding and empathetic
- Avoid making efforts to predict, interpret, and pathologize.
Techniques
- Carl Rogers- the importance of the therapist's way of being rather than being technique driven.
- More dependent on therapist's attitudes and perspectives, than techniques.
- Based on the therapist's personal characteristics, creating an encouraging environment.
- Different techniques --> Different "MAPS" of narrative conversational pathways that give structure and direction.
some PROCEDURES
procedures
- QUESTIONS
- Aim= To discover or construct client's experience so he/she has a sense of preferred direction/goal. To understand their perspective of their story.
- Respect, curiosity and openness.
- Ask from a "not-knowing position."
- Finding the nature of the problem and how it effects client's self-view.
- Externalizing and Deconstruction
- "It is not the person that's the problem, it's the problem that's the problem." (White 1989)
- Documenting the Evidence
- Therapeutic letter writing
Strengths
From a Multicultural Perspective
- good for diverse cultures and worldviews because of emphasis on multiple realities
- because grounded in sociocultural context, good for counseling culturally diverse clients
- narrative therapists: problems are identified with social, cultural, political, and relational contexts
Shortcomings
Techniques
Partners Person 1 asks person 2 to think of a current problem in their life. Then, ask the following question:
"If you were to go to sleep tonight and a miracle were to happen overnight and when you awoke in the morning, your problem was gone, how would you know it was gone? What would be different? How would you be different?"
Then, switch roles...
externalizing the problem
EXTERNALIZING THE PROB!
Tell a story to your partner using the same experience/problem you thought about in the first activity.
Then re-tell the story from a different perspective, giving a name to the problem and investigating how the problem affected and discouraged you.