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- Modernist vs Postmodernist view of reality.
-values the client's reality, clients viewed
as expert
- reality is based on language, socially
constructed
- language used to create stories, meaning
- everyone has their own perspective on
the "reality" of the situation
- from the self to the concept of socially
storied lives
De Jong and Berg (2013)
ROLES
- therapist listens "not knowing" the client's story
- therapist is empathic and curious about understanding the client's world
- who informs and shares with the therapist about their story/life
CONVERSATION PROCESS
- Insoo Kim Berg and Steve de Shazer
- future-focused, goal-oriented
- emphasize strengths
- optimistic, antideterministic, future-oriented approach
Instead of problem solving, we focus on solution-building
- people are competent
- people have ability to resolve the challenges
life brings us
- recognize the competencies clients already
possess and apply towards solutions
- help clients realize that change is possible
- parallel with positive psychology,
concentrate on what is right and what is working for people rather than dwelling on weaknesses and problems
- When you know what is working, do more of it. If something is not working, try something different.
- “Tell me about times when you felt a little better and when things were going your way.”
- "How can I help you?" - describe problems
- "What will be differently in your life when your problems are solved?" - develop goals
- therapist asks questions; client expert on their own life
- solution-building conversation
- unique to each client
- client creates own goals
- positive language
- action-oriented
- here and now
- attainable, concrete, specific, measurable
- controlled by the client
- therapists take a not-knowing position to put clients in position of being expert of their own lives
- therapists are experts in the process of change
- therapist asks questions
Three kinds of relationships:
- customer: working therapeutic relationship
- complainant: client believes that the solution is not his/her responsibility
- visitor: client does not agree that he/she has a problem; comes to therapy because someone else thinks the client has a problem
- Pretherapy Change
- Exception Questions
- Miracle Question
- Scaling Questions
- Formula First Session Task (FFST)
- Therapist Feedback to Clients
- Terminating
- the facilitator sets a solution-focused tone from the beginning
- group leader works with the group members to develop well-formed goals asap
- asks when problems were not present or were less severe
- advantage of group: more input is possible
- art of questioning
Individuals construct the meaning of life in interpretive stories, which then are treated as the "truth". (White 1992)
- Powerful dominate culture narratives
Focus on Narrative Therapy
The role of Stories
Listening w/ an open mind
Video: 1:37 to 6:16
- good for diverse cultures and worldviews because of emphasis on multiple realities
- because grounded in sociocultural context, good for counseling culturally diverse clients
- narrative therapists: problems are identified with social, cultural, political, and relational contexts
Partners Person 1 asks person 2 to think of a current problem in their life. Then, ask the following question:
"If you were to go to sleep tonight and a miracle were to happen overnight and when you awoke in the morning, your problem was gone, how would you know it was gone? What would be different? How would you be different?"
Then, switch roles...
Tell a story to your partner using the same experience/problem you thought about in the first activity.
Then re-tell the story from a different perspective, giving a name to the problem and investigating how the problem affected and discouraged you.