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Alcohol
Alcohol
Alcohol is a drug known as a depressant.
Alcohol
Depressants are drugs that slow down the functions of the CNS
Alcohol is the most widely used drug in the U.S.
Fermentation
Alcohol is created through a process called Fermentation.
Ferementation
Fermentation is a process that uses yeast or bacteria to change the sugars in fruits, vegetables, and grains into alcohol.
Death by Alcohol
80,000 die in the U.S. every year from excessive alcohol use.
Death by Alcohol
3rd leading lifestyle-related cause of death in the U.S.
Alcohol Abuse
Alcohol Abuse is A pattern of drinking that interferes with day-to-day activities.
Alcohol Abuse
With alcohol abuse, a person is not yet physically dependent on alcohol but still has a serious drinking problem.
Symptoms:
- Failure to fulfill major work, school, or home responsibilities
- Legal or social problems,
- Drinking in situations that are dangerous, such as while driving.
Binge Drinking
A form of excessive drinking
For men, it is considered to be 5 or more drinks in a single occasion.
Binge Drinking
For women, it is considered to be 4 or more drinks in a single occasion.
What is a Drink?
Beer- 12oz
Wine- 5oz
What is a Drink?
Liquor- 1.5oz
Alcoholic
Alcoholism is when someone is physically and mentally dependent on alcohol to function. It is a disease and it can be hereditary.
Alcoholic
Intoxication
Intoxication is the state of being drunk.
Intoxication
Blackouts
Occurs when somebody has been drinking to excess over a relatively short period of time.
Blackouts
A form of amnesia in which a person has no memory of what occurred during a period of alcohol abuse and intoxication
Hangover
Unpleasant symptoms that occur 4 to 6 hours after excessive ingestion of alcohol.
Hangover
Results in:
headaches, nausea, vomiting, thirst, dry mouth, tremors, dizziness, fatigue and muscle cramps, fuzzy cognition, poor visual-spatial coordination and pain with loud noises
Pathway of alcohol
Mouth
Alcohol enters the body in the mouth and it travels down the esophagus to the stomach.
Mouth
Stomach
Once alcohol reaches the stomach, some gets absorbed into the bloodstream. However, most is sent to the small intestine.
Stomach
Small Intestine
In the small intestine, the alcohol is then absorbed into the blood stream through the wall of the small intestine and placed into the bloodstream.
Small Intestine
Heart and Bloodstream
Once in the bloodstream the alcohol is then pumped to the liver and brain.
The Liver
The liver breaks the alcohol down through a process called oxidation.
The Liver
Alcohol is converted into CO2, H2O, and fatty acids
It takes the liver 1 hour to oxidize 0.5oz
Brain
On an empty stomach, it takes alcohol within 2 minutes to reach the brain and start to affect the cns.
Brain
Balance
Coordination
Decision Making
Slower reflexes
Impaired Vision
Impaired reaction time
Short and Long Term effects of Alcohol
Short-Term Effects
Short-Term Effects
- Blackouts (memory lapses, where the drinker cannot remember events that occurred while under the influence)
- Distorted vision and hearing
-Impaired judgment
-Decreased perception and coordination
-Unconsciousness
- Slurred speech
- Drowsiness
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Upset stomach
- Headaches
Long-Term Effects
- High blood pressure, stroke, and other heart-related diseases
- Liver disease (cirrhosis)
- Nerve damage
- Permanent damage to the brain
Long-Term Effects
Legal Drink Age
21
B.A.C.
Blood Alcohol Content- How much alcohol is in the blood