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Edwin and Morcar's revolt
22
the revolt of
Edwin and Morcar
background...
background
William went back to Normandy in 1067. he returned to England in december to find trouble brewing. Herefordshire had been attacked by the Welsh.
In 1068 two anglo-saxon earls (Edwin and Morcar) fled William's court. They took charge of the rebellion that was growing in the north.
Other supporters of the revolt included Maelerswein, sheriff of Yorkshire; Earls Waltheof and Gospatric of Northumbria; and Edgar Atheling.
events
events...
1.
Edwin and Morcar fled William's court.
They travelled north and took charge of the rebellion.
2.
3.
William marched north, building castles along the way. He built one in Warwick (a key city in Mercia) and another in Nottingham.
This show of force convinced Edwin and Morcar to surrender.
4.
5.
The citizens of York and the Northumbrian rebels sent William hostages to show their obedience.
Edgar Atheling fled to Scotland and William pardoned the other leaders.
6.
causes...
some of the causes of the revolt were: edwin's resentment, bad government, morcar's resentment, loss of land, castles, and taxes...
causes
edwin's resentment...
edwin's resentment
William promised Edwin could marry his daughter, then went back on his word. William allowed Edwin to keep his earldom, but made it much smaller and less important.
bad government...
bad government
Odo of Bayeux and William FitzOsbern were reported to have seized land from Anglo-Saxon unlawfully.
morcar's resentment...
morcar's resentment
Morcar's earldom was also reduced in size. William granted the northern part of Northhumbria to Tostig's old thegn, Copsi, who had shown proper submission to William. Maeleswein, a former steward King Harold, was granted control over parts of Yorkshire. Loss of land meant a loss of power and money.
loss of land...
loss of land
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 1067 reports: 'When William returned from Normandy, he gave away every man's land.' Odo and FitzOsbern's land grabs were repeated all over the country, William's followers seeking to expand their grants by every means possible.
castles...
castles
Castles were resented whereever they appeared as they were the symbol of Norman dominsation and the centre of Norman control over an area.
taxes...
taxes
William's heavy geld tax of December 1066 was resented. It is likely that the Anglo-Saxon earls who were taken back to Normandy recognised that William planned to use English wealth for the goods of Normandy, which would not benefit them.
consequences...
consequences
- William kept edwin and Morcar as 'guests' at court in order to keep them under control. (They escaped in 1071 when William was about to imprison them).
- Edgar's escape to Scotland created a new center of resistance against William.
reasons for failure...
reasons for failure
- The rebels were not united by a common cause (each groups had their own little complaints)
- the revolt of 1068 could have been just a test to see how William would respond.
- Castle building was very successful in over-awing the rebels