Cellular Respiration RAFT Project
Created by: Sophia Santiago
How do Cells Create ATP?
How Do Cells Create ATP?
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Info
ATP is created in the process of converting a glucose molecule to energy, known as ATP. This is achieved in 3 different steps.
Detail
The 3 steps of Cellular Respiration are Glycolysis, the KREB's cycle, and Oxidative Phosphorylation. Click out of this to learn more about each.
Steps
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Info
Glycolysis is one of the main three processes of cellular respiration. This can occur aerobically or anaerobically.
Steps
Main Steps
- 2 ATP are used to split glucose
- 4 ATP are produced (has a net gain of 2 ATP)
- 2 Molecules of NADH are produced
- 2 Pyruvate molecules are produced
Glycolysis Diagram
Picture Diagram
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The KREB's cycle produces energy-carrying molecules.
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Steps
Steps
- Acetyl CoA is stripped from the 2 carbon and gets the cycle moving
- NADH, ATP, and CO2 are produced by various reactions
- FADH2 and NADH are produced by further reactions
- Results in 2 ATP per cycle and the release of 2 CO2 molecules
- NADH and FADH2 will then be used in the final stage of cellular respiration
Picture Diagram
Picture Diagram
Explanation of KREB's Cycle
Part 2: Explanation
4 Pryuvate enter the cycle. Step 1 starts to occur, which is when the Acetyl CoA stokes the furnace. As it's moving through, 2 carbons join along, which equals to 6. The formal name of 6 is citrate. Then you move to steps 2 and 3, where NADA, Co2 and ATP generate while the redox reactions occur. Co2 leaves the cycle, which leaves 5 pryuvate molecules, known as Alpha-ketoglutarate. More Co2 leaves the cycle, remaining with 4 pryuvate molecules, known as succinate. Lastly, steps 4 through 6 occur, where more of the redox ractions happen and they make more NADH and FADH2. When FADH is added into the equation, it changes the pyruvate molecules, with the new name of 4 being fumarate. Then when adding H2O, 4 pyruvate molecules turns into something called Malate. To finish off step 6, NAD+ is turned into NADH, causing the pryuvate molecules to change once more, this being named Oxalocetate.
Oxidative
Phosphorylation
Oxidative Phosphorlation/Electron Transport Chain
Oxidative Phosphorylation
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Oxidative Phosphorylation is broken up into two sections:
- The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) - When electrons are trasnferred down the chain, making it so the hydrogen ions can pass through the membrane. This occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
- Chemiosmosis - Happens at the end of the ETC. It uses ATP synthase to bring hydrogen ions back into the mitochondrial matrix, making ATP.
- Overall, this process makes much more ATP than Glycolysis and the KREBs cycle.
Chemiosmosis
Chemiosmosis
- Chemiosmosis sends the hydrogen ions from the intermembrane space across the inner membrane, going into the mitochondrial matrix. These hydrogen ions are sent across using ATP synthase, which makes ATP.
Electron Transport Chain Steps
ETC
- The electrons that are lost from oxidation are transferred between the protein complexes, then going on to help pump hydrogen ions until they are connected with an oxygen atom. Then they're used to form water.
- FADH2 is another option of something that can be oxidized info FAD, but it has a lower amount of ATP that is produced.
Photo Diagram
The ETC would be in here.
Photo Diagram: Mitochondria
Thank you!
Thank you!
- Thank you for taking your time and going through this, Mr. Jungel. I hope that you enjoyed this, and possibly consider giving me extra credit please :D.