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GEOPOLITICAL IMPORTANCE OF MALACCA STRAIT FOR CHINA

Geopolitical importance of Straits of Malacca

FIRST TOPIC

  • world's second largest choke point and busiest shipping sea lane
  • starts from western coast of the Malay Peninsula to the shores of Africa and to the east in the South China Sea
  • connect Indian ocean to pacific ocean
  • links major Asian economies like Middle East, China, Japan, South Korea and India
  • provides good opportunities in the context of economic and social development for the littoral states like Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and Thailand

Importance for China

SUBTOPIC 1

  • China is heavily dependent on energy

resources

In 2017, China crossed America and became largest oil importer in the world and this trade is linked with maritime trade

  • dependent on Middle East and Africa
  • Trade of crude oil almost 80 percent and natural gas is 30 percent done through Strait of Malacca

SUBTOPIC 2

Malacca Dilemma

  • Chinese President Hu Jintao in 2003 used this term
  • Potential factors hinder China’s economic development through choking oil imports
  • China’s trade and energy supplies can be cut off in the situation of war as potential blockages by rivalries, terrorism and also sometimes piracy issues.

Problem Statement

Research Proposal

  • China has over dependence for energy transport through sea routes by Strait of Malacca and this sea route may face naval blockade by America and its allies which are rivals of China, if political or military conflict erupted
  • Moreover, attacks by terrorists or sea pirates can also threatened china’s energy security
  • If maritime trade would cut from Malacca strait it would have face intense damage to its economic security. Therefore China has raised serious concerns over its energy security to solve its Malacca dilemma.
  • The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate China’s concerns over Malacca dilemma, China’s different strategies to overcome this issue and to minimize its dependency on Straits of Malacca.

Hypothesis

‘Malacca dilemma has posed trade threat to Chinese economic security which has leads China to the creation of alternative routes for its energy trade.’

Research Questions

1. Why Strait of Malacca is important for china?

2. Why China is taking Malacca dilemma as a serious threat to its economic security?

3. What alternative solutions China is seeking to minimize its dependency on Malacca strait and what will be the impact of these solutions?

Research Design

  • Geopolitical importance of Straits of Malacca
  • China's Concerns about the Straits of Malacca
  • China's concerns over Malacca Dilemma
  • Threats and Vulnerabilities of the Straits
  • 1. Piracy and terrorism
  • 2. Major Actors in Malacca Straits
  • 2.1. USA, 2.2. India, 2.3. Japan
  • China's responses to cope with the Malacca dilemma
  • Alternative routes for energy imports
  • Myanmar-Yunnan Pipeline
  • Gwadar-Xinjiang Pipeline
  • Importance of Gwadar for Chinese energy imports
  • Thailand’s Kra Pipeline
  • Russia-China crude oil pipeline

Article Review

China's Maritime Security and the “Malacca

Dilemma” (2018)

Marc Lanteigne

Review

Five Years of China’s Belt and Road Initiative

Revisiting BRI in tandem with the Malacca Dilemma

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