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The Passive Voice
Teacher: Julio Chuquipul Gonzales
¡Viva Jesús en nuestros corazones!
The passive causative can occur with a by phrase, but this phrase is often omitted. use the by phrase only when it is necessary to mention the agent.
Active Vs Passive
First topic
A sentence in the passive voice has a corresponding sentence in the active voice. In an active sentence, the subject acts upon the object of the sentence. In a passive sentence, the subject is acted upon by the agent.
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES:
BE CAREFUL!
Only transitive verbs can be made passive. Intransitive verbs cannot be made passive.
BE CAREFUL!
Passive Verb Forms
It is essential to realized how important is to use the correct structure according to the context we want to express.
To form passive sentences, use
be + past participle or
get + past participle.
They occur in present, past and future forms, as well as in the continuous forms.
USAGE
Uses of the Passive:
The money was stolen.
The plane was refueled.
Information is known that hasn't been released.
I was given some advice.
The thief was caught.
Emma was written by Jane Austen.
- When you don't know who performed the action or it is not important to say who performed it.
- When you want to avoid mentioning who performed the action.
- When you want to focus on the receiver or the result of an action instead of on the agent
The Passive with Modals
We often use modals and modal - like auxiliaries in the passive.
We can use the modal verbs to form the present passive and the past passive.
The Passive with Modals
The Passive Causative
Use the passive causative to talk about services or activities that people arrange for someone else to do.
Fourth topic
There are two aspects that can be considered confusing: The passive causative has a different meaning from the expression to get something done, which means to finish something; the simple past causative is a little similar to the structure of the past perfect.
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
The detective had the evidence analyzed.
Sometimes criminals get their hair dyed.
I got my photos printed at the bookstore.
We had our house inspected by Jim.
BE CAREFUL
BE CAREFUL
I got the work done by a mechanic. (passive causative)
I got the work done by noon. (I finished the work myself by 12 pm.)
They had the grass cut. (simple past causative)
→ Someone else cut the grass.
They had cut the grass. (past perfect)
→ They had done this before a specific time in the past-