Nursing Timeline
Shannon Kemp & Savannah Bulthuis
Florence Nightingale
- “Environmental Theory”: influencing patient surroundings as a part of nursing care
- Identified environmental factors needed to positively affect health: fresh air, pure water, appropriate nutrition, efficient drainage, cleanliness, adequate light, warmth and quiet
Hildegard Peplau
- “Theory of Interpersonal Relations”: Nursing is an interpersonal process of therapeutic interactions between a person who needs health services and a nurse who is trained to recognize and respond to their need for health services.
- Identified four sequential phases of interpersonal relationships: orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution.
Ida Jean Orlando
- “Deliberative Nursing Process Theory”: It is up to the nurse to interpret patient behavior and determine the ever changing needs of the patient.
- ADPIE: assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation
August 6, 1965
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Imogene M. King
- “Theory of Goal Attainment”: Nurses care for patients by using communication to set goals with their patient and then take actions to help them achieve those goals
- Certain interrelated concepts should be considered when setting goals: interaction, perception, communication, transaction, self, role, stress, growth and development, time, and space
Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
April 4, 1968
Virginia Henderson
- “Nursing Need Theory”: Increasing the patient’s independence will hasten their progress from the hospital
- Nurses can meet the basic 14 human needs of their patients while honoring their individuality by planning their care in a creative way
Dorothea Orem
- “Self-Care Theory”: Nurses should focus on hospitalized patient’s ability to perform self-care so that they can remain independent or gain independence once they return home
- Defined self-care as activities individuals initiate and perform in order to maintain well-being
Betty Neuman
- “Neuman’s System Model”: Nursing as a profession is focused on the variables which effect an individual patient’s response to stress
- -The client is identified as a system that contains 5 variables that affect their response to stress: physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual
Sister Callista Roy
- “Adaptation Model”: Nurses are health care professionals that promote adaptation of their patient through illness and health on four levels: physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence
- Nursing required flexibility in order to provide the best care for each individual patient
1976
Dr. Patricia Benner
1982
- “From Novice to Expert”: Nurses develop knowledge of their profession through obtaining a strong a foundation of education and building on that foundation by gathering clinical experiences.
- Dr. Benner identified 5 levels of nursing experience: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert
First Artificial Heart Transplant
1982
Barney Clark survived 112 days on the mechanical organ.
Jean Watson
1988
“Theory of Trans-personal Caring”: If nurses to not feel care or compassion towards their patients, they can help eradicate disease, but they will not help their patients achieve true health.
Rosemarie Parse
1992
- “Human Becoming Theory”: Nursing both a human science and a performing art in which nurses use their relationship building skills to assist persons in their ‘becoming’
- The idea of ‘becoming’ refers to an individual finding personal meaning in experiences and is based on three themes: meaning, rhythmicity, and transcendence.