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S A S K A T C H E W A N

S T A T I S T I C S C A N A D A R E P O R T

By Tae Eun, Yumeth, and Nicole

Physical Environment Interactions

  • Canadian Shield
  • Interior Plains

Main Physical Regions

Canadian Shield

Interior Plains

Rock Exposure

Lakes

  • 40% of Saskatchewan
  • Rock exposure
  • South - Plains & fertile soils

Canadian Shield

Gently-rolling plains

  • Wet-climate soils
  • Dry-climate soils

Wet-Climate Soil

Soil Regions

Wet-climate soils

Dry-climate soils

  • leaching is dominant soil-forming process

Photo of Wet-Climate Soil

Soil Forming Process

  • Calcification is dominant soil-forming process
  • Prominent in Southern Saskatchewan

Dry-Climate Soil

Photo of Dry-Climate Soil

Soil-Forming

Process

Cypress Hills

Interior Plains

  • High Altitudes
  • Cypress Hills (Southwestern Saskatchewan)

Plains

  • Boreal Forest
  • Grasslands

Boreal & Taiga Forests

Natural Vegetation

Grasslands

Boreal & Taiga

  • Longer growing season & precipitation further south
  • Lush forests & species of trees

Boreal Forests

Acidic Soil

Confierous & Deciduous

Tall-grass Prairie

Grasslands

Short-grass Prairie

  • Grasses of various types & sizes
  • Tall-grass prairie & Short-grass prairies
  • Glaciation
  • Main influence of Quaternary Period
  • exposed rock, rich sediments, lakes

Glaciation

Glaciers

Exposed Rock

Lakes

Lake Athabasca

Lake Athabasca

  • Located between Saskatchewan & Alberta

Drumlins

  • Continential Climate
  • Taiga
  • Boreal
  • Prairie

Climate & Weather

Taiga Region

Prairie Region

Boreal Region

Air Masses

Temperature Ranges

  • -40°c in the dead of winter ~ 35°c in summer
  • Influenced by air masses and wind regimes

Wind Regimes

Temperature levels

Difference of Mean Temperatures

  • Warmer, drier conditions in the southwest
  • Moist conditions in the northeast
  • Temperatures drop from southwest to northeast
  • Precipitation increases from south to north

Precipitation Levels - dark blue indicates higher levels

Spring Frost

Autumn Frost

Agriculture

  • Last Spring Frost - Early June
  • First Autumn Frost - Early Sept.
  • Agriculture is affected (i.e., grains are sensitive to frost)

Grains

Wildfires

  • Wildfires
  • Convective Summer Storms

Natural Disasters

Tornado

  • Causes: lightning, human activities
  • Covers forested regions, damages infrastructure, produces air pollution

Wildfires

2015 wildifre

Lightning

Air Pollution (Smoke)

Infrastructure Damage

  • Lasts a few hours or less
  • Impacts human safety, injury, infrastructure, etc.
  • Ex., Regina Tornado 1912

Convective Summer Storms

Photos from the Regina Tornado 1912

"Saskatchewan's GHG emissions totaled 67.1 million tonnes of C02 in 2021."

- 2023 State of the Environment Report

Human Activities

Oil Production

Electricity Generation

[Human] Causes

  • Quarter: oil & gas production, electricity, agriculture
  • Remaining: transportation, heating buildings, etc.

Agriculture

Water Loss

Extreme Weather

  • Water loss
  • Extreme Weather Events
  • Societal Effects

Impacts of Global Warming

Society

  • Drier conditions due to Evapotranspiration

2002 Drought

2001 Drought

Water Loss

Date & Extent of Droughts in North America, 20th ~ 21st century

Blizzards

Flooding

  • Increase in blizzards, flooding, forest fires, etc.

Extreme Weather

Grassland Fires

Wildfire Example Figure

  • Burned Areas in the Prairies, 1986 ~ 2020
  • Cause of the fire: drier summer (less precipitation)

Water Supply

Societal Effects

  • Health implications, water supply problems, etc.
  • Rural communities lack resources to prepare for the impacts of climate change

Rural Communities

Changing Populations

Population Trends

Changing

Populations

Saskatchewan has a population of 1.25 million

The change in population from last year has gone up by 2.6%

In 2023 30000 immigrants came to Saskatchewan

Population Trends

  • Migration has inceased by over 10 times since the 21st century
  • Main reasons due to jobs and bussinesses
  • Numbers decreased in 2020 due to covid 19
  • Many refugees seek help due to wars back home

PopulationTrends

Aging Popultion

Population of elders increased by 2%

Main reasons include due to nutrition, health, and sanitary conditions

Aging Population

Diversity of Region

Most of the population isfrom European Descent

15% of the popultion is minoity groups

The least is the chinese community

The amount of Canadin citizens are 92% in Saskatchewan

Diversity of Region

Native/Indigenous populations and concerns

Native Populations

The aboriginals make up 16% of the population in Saskatchewan alone.

This is equivaalent to 175000 indiginous peoples

Issues involve diabities and mny other health issues due to lack of nutition and hygene.

Lack of economy is also an issue that is facing the nastives.

Dependency Loads/Demographic Transition

Dependncy Loads

The dependency load in Saskatchewn has increassd every yeasince 2018 from 53.8 to 57 in 2023

thre are about 70000 babys that are known to live in Saskatchewan

The most common age range is betwen 50-54.

Saskatchewan's resources

and

industries introduction

Known worldwide for its agriculture and livestock. Is also home to 23 of the 31 critical minerals on Canada’s list.

Resouces & Industries

Crops:

About crops, Where they come from, and what you can make!

Crops production and sales

Cereal Grains

Produced about 18.6 MMT. Sold about $6.9 billion

Oil Seeds

Produced about 9.7 MMT. Sold about $3.3 billion.

Argiculture and Farming

Many countries rely on Saskatchewans various crops. They also produce speciality crops including mustard seed, honey, Saskatoon berries, and more.

Pulses

Produced about 2.8 MMT. Sold about $3.2 billion

Speciality crops

Exported $162 million worth of mustard seed

How Saskatchewan sustains their crops

Farming practices

Crop rotations reduce the impact of:

  • Disease residue in the soil
  • Insects
  • Pests
  • Weeds
  • Higher soil compaction = stress and root rot
  • Effective use of water

No-till, conservation tillage and zero tillage help to minimize soil disturbance.

  • Protection from erosion
  • Increased water infiltration
  • Improved water retention
  • Beneficial microbial populations

Saskatchewan's Livestock

Saskatchewan is Canada’s second largest beef producing province.

Saskatchewan is also home to the largest livestock show in Canada called Canadian Western Agribition, which takes place in Regina every November.

Livestock

Livestock

Hogs

Vibrant sheep

a.k.a lamb chops

a.k.a pigs in

a blanket

Poultry

Goat

Bison

a.k.a burger

a.k.a

cheese

a.k.a

chicken nuggets

Minerals in Saskatchewan

Example of Mines:

777 mine - major minerals: copper, zinc, silver, gold

Rabbit lake - uranium

Vanscoy - salt, potash

Minerals

Potash:

  • Saskatchewan is the world's largest producer of potash

Uranium:

  • World's largest high-grade uranium deposits

Gold:

  • Gold deposits are found in northern Saskatchewan,

Diamonds:

  • Exploration has revealed diamond potential, not yet established.

Copper, Zinc, and Nickel:

  • There are various deposits of base metals found in Northern parts

Mining Practices

Mining Methods

  • Solution Mining:
  • Water or brine is injected underground
  • Minerals dissolves into the solution

  • Conventional Underground Mining:
  • Shaft sinking to access underground deposits
  • Rooms of minerals are mined out, leaving pillars to support the roof
  • Room and pillar, and long-hole stoping methods are used

  • Open-Pit Mining:
  • Large open pits, to access near-surface deposits
  • Heavy machinery, remove the overburden

Sustainability

  • Saskatchewan mining practices are top-tier when it comes to sustainability, but there are still concers such as...

Sustainability

  • Saskatchewan-based mining companies are investing in sustainable practices to address these concerns:
  • Mosaic: Currently working on reducing freshwater use and GHG emissions
  • Nutrien: Addressing energy use, utilizing waste heat to produce steam

Future of Saskatchewans resouces and Industries

Due to mining's dependency on the natural environment, it's particularly vulnerable to climate change.

But agriculture in Saskatchewan is expected to play an important role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions as well as adapting to the extreme weathers.

How has GW impacted saskatchewans major industires

Impacts + Solutions

Agriculture

The growing season is expected to:

  • be longer
  • start earlier
  • be warmer

New crop rotations:

  • Pulse crops are a useful adaptation

Agroforestry:

  • Integrating trees into farming have multiple benefits:

Conservation tillage:

  • Buildup of organic matter enhances fertility and acts as a carbon sink
  • Improved infiltration of rain, and reduced runoff
  • Less wind and soil erosion

Impacts + Solutions

Some Cons:

  • Frequent droughts and floods
  • Stability and effectiveness of infrastructure and equipment

Mining

Some Pros:

  • Warmer temperatures = new mineral-rich areas
  • Reduce heating costs

Solutions:

  • Gold Fields is testing hard ice and three-chamber pump systems, for cooling
  • Anglo American Water reclamation, provides potable water
  • Vale and Gold Fields biodiesel and other agricultural production as alternative energy

Works Cited

Works CIted

Sk. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://www.sama.sk.ca/sites/default/files/2018-11/10C2AgriculturalLand.pdf

DRAFT COPY. (n.d.). Soils of Saskatchewan. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://soilsofsask.ca/documents/sksid_usermanual.pdf

Agricultural Capability. (n.d.). Soils of Saskatchewan. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://soilsofsask.ca/soil-survey-soil-characteristics/agricultural-capability.php

w. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/geography-of-saskatchewan

w. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://www.lakepedia.com/lake/athabasca.html

SaskAdapt. (n.d.). SaskAdapt. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://www.parc.ca/saskadapt/sk-climate/sk-climate-current.html

SaskAdapt. (n.d.). SaskAdapt. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://www.parc.ca/saskadapt/community-assessments/regina.html

Climate Change | SES. (n.d.). Saskatchewan Environmental Society. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://environmentalsociety.ca/issues/climate-change/

Climate Change in Saskatoon. (n.d.). Saskatoon.ca. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://www.saskatoon.ca/environmental-initiatives/climate-change/climate-change-saskatoon

Loxley, M. (n.d.). A Snapshot Changing Prairie Climate. ClimateWest. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://climatewest.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Snapshot-Changing_Prairie-Climate-2022.pdf

Collie, M. (2020, June 24). 60% of Indigenous people say mental health is worse due to COVID-19: survey - National | Globalnews.ca. Global News. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://globalnews.ca/news/7096615/coronavirus-indigenous-mental-health-canada/

Whetter, J., Cruickshank, A., Riley, S. J., Saxena, K., & Mehta, S. (2022, October 8). The history of Indigenous farming on the Prairies. The Narwhal. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://thenarwhal.ca/indigenous-prairies-farming-history/

Stonechild, B. (n.d.). Indigenous Peoples of Saskatchewan - Indigenous Saskatchewan Encyclopedia | University of Saskatchewan. Teaching and Learning | University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://teaching.usask.ca/indigenoussk/import/indigenous_peoplesof_saskatchewan.php

DRAFT COPY. (n.d.). Soils of Saskatchewan. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://soilsofsask.ca/documents/sksid_usermanual.pdf

Saskatchewan's Dashboard - Population. (n.d.). Saskatchewan's Dashboard. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://dashboard.saskatchewan.ca/people-community/people/population

SaskAdapt. (n.d.). SaskAdapt. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://www.parc.ca/saskadapt/sk-climate/sk-climate-current.html

Critical Minerals | Mineral Exploration and Mining. (n.d.). Government of Saskatchewan. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://www.saskatchewan.ca/business/agriculture-natural-resources-and-industry/mineral-exploration-and-mining/critical-minerals

(n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://www.imii.ca/sustainable-mining-practices-in-saskat

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