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gbs

AA

Azza Alharthi

Transcript

group B3

Supervisors:

Dr Sahar youseif

Dr fatma desoky

Gullian-Barrè Syndrome

Objectives

Objectives

  • Define Gullian Barre syndrome.
  • List causes of Gullian Barre syndrome.
  • Explain pathogenesis of Gullian Barre syndrome
  • Describe clinical picture of Gullian Barre syndrome.
  • Label differential diagnosis of Gullian Barre syndrome.
  • Describe investigations of Gullian Barre syndrome.
  • List different lines of treatment of Gullian Barre syndrome.

Definition

Definition

Guillain-Barre syndrome is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks nerve cells in peripheral nervous system. This leads to weakness, numbness, and tingling.

It can eventually cause paralysis. The cause of this condition is unknown, but it’s typically triggered by an infectious illness.

Causes

Causes of GBS:

A- Infections:

  • Campylobacter jejuni infection
  • Influenza
  • Cytomegalovirus
  • Mycoplasma pneumonia
  • Epstein-Barr Virus
  • HIV or AIDS

B- Vaccinations.

C- Other triggers: surgery, injury, medical procedure.

Pathogenesis

Pathogenesis of GBS:

Pathogenesis of GBS:

Clinical Picture

Clinical Picture of GBS:

  • The first symptom appear in the patient is a tingling sensation in toes, feet and legs. Then it spreads upwards to arms and fingers.

  • Muscle weakness in limbs.

  • Difficulty moving eyes, talking, swallowing

  • Loss of bladder control

  • Difficulty in breathing

  • Rapid hear rate

Differential Diagnosis of GBS

Differential Diagnosis

Transverse myelitis

Differential Diagnosis of GBS

1- Transverse myelitis:

  • asymmetric motor or sensory loss usually involving lower extremities.
  • early bowel or bladder dysfunction with persistent incontinence.
  • segmental radicular pain.

Myasthenia gravis

Differential Diagnosis of GBS:

2- Myasthenia gravis:

  • Early involvement of muscle groups like muscles of face, eyes & swallowing, pharyngeal jaw, neck, and respiratory muscles. Sometimes presents without limb weakness.

  • Reflexes are preserved, and sensory features.
  • bladder dysfunction are absent

LEMS

Differential Diagnosis of GBS:

3- Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS):

  • Slower development of clinical symptoms.
  • `Dry mouth.
  • Lack of objective sensory loss.
  • Rare involvement of respiratory muscle group, and potentiation of reflexes after exercise or contraction

Botulism

Differential Diagnosis of GBS:

4- Botulism:

  • History of ingesting food contaminated with botulinum toxin.
  • Descending paralysis.
  • Ptosis, dilated nonreactive pupils are present.
  • Dilated nonreactive pupils.
  • Constipation.

Poliomyelitis

Differential Diagnosis of GBS:

5- Poliomyelitis:

  • Presence of pain and muscle tenderness usually in the shoulder and upper arm.

  • Absence of sensory symptoms.

  • Preservation of reflexes

Vasculitic neuropathy

Differential Diagnosis of GBS:

6- Vasculitic neuropathy:

  • Painful asymmetric presentation of muscle weakness.
  • Patients complain of fever, fatigue, weakness, and arthralgia

Investigations

Investigations of GBS:

1-Nerve tests:

A-electromyography (EMG)

B-nerve conduction studies

2-Lumbar puncture.

Treatment

Treatment of GBS:

There's no cure for Guillain-Barre syndrome, but two types of treatments can speed recovery and reduce the severity of the illness:

  • Immunoglobulin therapy. Immunoglobulin containing healthy antibodies from blood donors is given through a vein (intravenously).

  • Plasma exchange (plasmapheresis) The harmful antibodies Removed & the blood cells are separated and returned back .

Summary

Summary

  • Guillain-Barre syndrome is an autoimmune disorder
  • it’s typically triggered by an infectious illness.
  • The first symptom appear in the patient is a tingling sensation
  • investigation by nerve tests and lumbar puncture.
  • treatment by Plasma exchange & Immunoglobulin therapy.

REFRENCES

References

https://www.healthline.com/health/guillain-barre-syndrome

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/guillain-barre-syndrome/diagnosis/

Step up to medicine textbook

https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/17635/Guillain-Barre-syndrome/Differential-Diagnosis

Thank You

Lma Humaied Alkhaldi

Rahaf Sfran Alharthui

Khairiah Yaqoup Alqashqari

Enas Fadel Kamal

Waad Daif Allah Alotaibi

Azah Aziz Alharthi

Hanan Husain AL-Malki

Eatezaz Yahia Alzahrani

Rahaf Hashim Fatta

Raghad Khaled Althbety

Ghaida Turkii Alrobaiee

Maha Safar Althwaiby

Rawan Marzoq AlTwiriqi

Ohoud Daif Allah Alotaibi