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Ocean Acidification Project
8
Erica Rosenberger
Definition
Ocean Acidification
Ocean Acidification is the revertible reaction where the carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere combine with the hydrogen and oxygen (H20) in the water to create carbonic acid (HCO3) and hydrogen . This increases the acidity of the water by decreasing the pH of the ocean.
Why Is This Happening?
Why Is This Happening?
CO2 is mixing into the ocean because of the excess in the air at an exponentially growing speed. Carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere naturally when organisms respire or decompose (decay), carbonate rocks are weathered, forest fires occur, and volcanoes erupt. Carbon dioxide is mainly added to the atmosphere through human activities,
such as the burning of fossil fuels
and forests and the production
of cement.
Reaction in 2 Directions!
Reaction
H20 + CO2
HCO3(-) + H (+)
The reaction is happening in two different directions. It can go from left to right, being a forward reaction or right to left, being a reverse reaction.
Forward
The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reacts with the water of the ocean to produce carbonic acid and hydrogen.
Reverse
The reverse reaction occurs when carbonic acid breaks down and reacts with hydrogen creating water and carbon dioxide
How Do We Predict Equilibrium Directional Changes?
Predicting The Shift
As the concentration of the CO2 increases on the reactants side from the polluted air, the rate of the forward reaction also increases. This means that equilibrium shifted right. If we were to decrease the reactants side by reducing CO2 emissions, equilibrium would shift left or have an increased reverse rate. This would be ideal given the current and future impacts the CO2 is having on the ocean.
Questions
1. How would different levels of acidity affect coral?
2. What are the main causes of CO2 in the air?
3. How are the acidic waters affecting human's health?
Effects on Marine Life
1
1. separate different species of coral/coral-like substances into containers
2. Vary the amount of pH in each container
2. monitor and record the effects of the pH levels on the different species of coral
Where CO2 comes from
1. Test the air near large companies, natural disasters, etc. that produce excess amounts carbon dioxide into the air
2. Compare results to all areas to determine where CO2 is at its highest
2
Effects On Human Health
3
1. Separate volunteers into two groups: the control group and the experimental group
2. The control group will be eating marine life that has not been raised in the oceans while the experimental group will get their food from the ocean
3. Compare their health at the end of this process
Citations
Beaufort, L., Probert, I., De Garidel-Thoron, T., Bendif, E. M., Ruiz-Pino, D., Metzl, N., ... & Rost, B. (2011). Sensitivity of coccolithophores to carbonate chemistry and ocean acidification. Nature, 476(7358), 80-83.
Doney, S. C., Fabry, V. J., Feely, R. A., & Kleypas, J. A. (2009). Ocean acidification: the other CO2 problem. Annual review of marine science, 1, 169-192.
Gattuso, J. P., Mach, K. J., & Morgan, G. (2013). Ocean acidification and its impacts: an expert survey. Climatic change, 117(4), 725-738.
Guinotte, J. M., & Fabry, V. J. (2008). Ocean acidification and its potential effects on marine ecosystems. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1134(1), 320-342.
Le Quéré, C., Raupach, M. R., Canadell, J. G., Marland, G., Bopp, L., Ciais, P., ... & Friedlingstein, P. (2009). Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide. Nature geoscience, 2(12), 831-836.
Raven, J., Caldeira, K., Elderfield, H., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Liss, P., Riebesell, U., ... & Watson, A. (2005). Ocean acidification due to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. The Royal Society.
Doney, S. C., Fabry, V. J., Feely, R. A., & Kleypas, J. A. (2009). Ocean acidification: the other CO2 problem. Annual review of marine science, 1, 169-192.