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Part ii

Chapter 6

Learning Outcomes

1. Discuss reasons that states established free and universal education in the 1800s and how that goal aligns with U.S. schools today.

2. Analyze some of the historical events that have resulted in different educational experiences among students from diverse racial and ethnic groups.

3. Describe some practical and pedagogical reasons for the establishment of schools by the age of children.

4. Analyze the people and events that have been influential in determining school curricula in the nation’s schools and reflect on how the cultures of those people have impacted today’s curricula.

5. Reflect on the differences in the professional lives of teachers between the 19th century and now.

Chapter 6

Chapter Summary

This chapter reviews key developments over the past four centuries that established public schools and influenced the schools we know today.

1) how public schools were established in the United States

2) the influential role students played in designing schools

3) the historical influences on the school curriculum

---The curriculum has been influenced by strong religious and nationalistic themes, the Industrial Revolution in the 1800s, the progressive movement in the early 1900s, and the launching of the first satellite by the Soviet Union in 1958.

  • how the education system contributed to equality
  • how teaching has evolved throughout the year
  • Key historical figures and influential leaders, as well as the inclusion of a valuable time line charting the evolution of our profession

Chapter 7

Learning Outcomes

1. Identify specific events in your life that may have influenced your assumptions regarding schooling and draft a personal philosophy of teaching.

2. Evaluate different perspectives and ideas about how students learn.

3. Describe how educational psychology can help teachers understand student learning.

4. Summarize the connections between philosophical perspectives and the instructional strategies teachers use.

Chapter 7

Chapter Summary

  • develop a personal philosophy toward teaching and learning
  • knowing your beliefs and attitudes toward teaching and learning is an important first step in understanding your influence on student learning
  • there are a variety of ways students learn and a variety of ways teachers can support student learning in their future classrooms
  • recognizing the connection between educational psychology and student learning
  • multiple theorists & philosophies
  • the changing focus on the classroom from a teaching-centered environment to a learner-centered one

chapter 8

Learning Outcomes

1. Explain the organizational relationships between teachers, the school principal, and other school staff.

2. Summarize important functions and relationships of school districts and state governments as they affect teachers.

3. Describe ways that the federal government influences education and the work of teachers.

4. Recognize the differences between good and bad governance.

5. Describe the different sources of funds for education and issues related to each source.

6. Examine the major ways that funds for schools are spent.

7. Identify key issues with implications for teachers about the organization and funding of schools.

chapter 8

Chapter Summary

  • different ways that schools are viewed as organizations
  • how the adults and children in a school have to be organized in effective ways to do their work
  • roles and responsibilities of all stakeholders and how they are organized into hierarchical flow charts that illustrate the working partnerships between positions
  • how schools are organized into districts with school boards and a superintendent

chapter 9

Learning Outcomes

1. Discuss the role of the U.S. Constitution as it relates to education.

2. Identify emerging legal issues in education related to uses of social media, particularly in terms of privacy, harassment, and discrimination.

3. Describe the themes within major issues that although addressed in the past continue to be major topics within the legal system.

4. Analyze key aspects of students’ rights and the implications of those rights for teachers.

5. Provide examples of teachers’ responsibilities, rights, and liabilities.

chapter 9

Chapter Summary

  • many tasks and areas of responsibilities that teachers have, especially the legal aspects
  • student and teacher use of social media
  • teachers and administrators must bear in mind potential issues related to school safety, as well as bullying
  • a number of dilemmas—such as separation of church and state, desegregation, and equitable school funding—that continue to be addressed
  • students’ and teachers’ rights as citizens

Part II

Put everything together

Chapter 5: History of Schools in the United States

Chapter 6: Developing a Philosophy of Teaching and Learning

Chapter 7: Organizing and Financing Schools For Learning

Chapter 8: The Law as It Relates to Teaching and Learning

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