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FINALS: Arts & Crafts of Visayas Region
284
Arts & Crafts of
Banuelos, Kristine Mae S.
Visayas Region
The Visayas (also known as the Visayan group of islands) is one of the three island groups making up the Philippine Archipelago. Its largest islands are Samar, Negros, Panay, Leyte, Cebu, and Bohol.
Visayas
The Visayas are known for their beautiful natural sceneries, which range from unspoilt beaches and dome-shaped hills to wide oceans with majestic sunrises and sunsets as a backdrop. While nature reflects this incredible ingenuity, the region's various settlements also boast sophisticated artistry. A rich traditional arts and crafts scene may be found in every region. In fact, it is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the Visayas.
PINYA CLOTH
Pinya
Cloth
Piña, a fabric woven from fibers of the leaves of the Spanish Red Pineapple. It derived from the Spanish word "pia," which literally means "pineapple.", was the quintessential item of luxury and elegance in 19th century Philippines and the finest of all Philippine fabrics. It enjoyed great popularity in Europe and during the American colonial period (1989-1945), it became a desirable accessory for high society Americans and was sought after as the fabric of choice for formal wear during the Philippine Commonwealth era. The piña industry suffered a setback during World War II as it struggled to survive." It takes approximately 18 months for the Spanish Red or Native Philippine Red pineapple variety to mature. They thrive best in
open fields with sandy clay soil. Spiny
leaves can grow up to two meters in
length on thempineapple plant. These
varieties' leaves are said to produce
excellent fibers for hand weaving.
After about a year of growth, three to
five leaves
are removed from each plant.
Who are the producers as well as the consumers of their products?
Producers & Consumers
Kalibo, Aklan, is the Philippines' main and oldest manufacturer/weaver of piña cloth, which is exported to various parts of the world, most notably North America and Europe. Piña weaving is a centuries-old tradition that has only recently been revived in the last 20 years.
Pineapple silk was regarded as the queen of Philippine fabrics and was the preferred fabric of the Philippine elite. During the 1996 APEC summit in the Philippines, world leaders wore barong tagalog made of piña from Kalibo for the group photo.
La Hermiia Piña Weaving Industry,
Malabon Pina Producers and Weavers
Association, Reycon's Pia Cloth and Industry,
and Rurungan sa Tubod Foundation are
among the producers.
Cultural significance of the Art
Cultural
Significance
Originally, piña fabric was used to make
the Filipino men's formal garment known as
Barong Tagalog. It spontaneously commands an
ultimate statement of elegance due to its
naturally lustrous appearance.
One of the legacies left to us by the Spaniards
during their occupation of our country is Pina Cloth. In the days of our forefathers, this was the primary material used in the production of barong tagalogs and saya. Going to mass, parties, and simply dressing up meant wearing pineapple fabrics back then. Making Pina Cloth is a time-consuming process that can take months before it becomes a wearable outfit. Because the barong and saya are "National Costumes," each pina cloth barong and saya is a National Treasure of Filipino Culture. Despite its appearance, Pina Cloth is very soft and luxurious, as well as durable and long-lasting.
The use/function of their art in their daily lives
Uses & Functions
The piña fiber is primarily used for the Barong Tagalog, but it is also used for wedding gowns and other traditional Philippine formal attire. It is also used for table linens, mats, bags, and other clothing items. Because it is lightweight but stiff, this sheer fabric can be used in any creative design. Notable couturiers in the local fashion scene are now using the fabric in their creations for haute couture shows around the world.
A barong or saya will cost more if it is pure pinya, embroidered, and handcrafted. Consumers of these are certainly rare nowadays, as many prefer cheap and affordable alternatives. The premium here is not just wearing Philippine culture, but also contributing to the preservation of the way of life of pineapple farmers, weavers, embroiders, and others who have dedicated themselves to producing handmade pinya outfits that distinguish a Filipino from the rest of the world. It would be fantastic to be able to tell others that the barong you're wearing was handcrafted and delicately constructed. It would be satisfying to know that by wearing it, you are helping to keep tradition and culture alive and well.
The Process
The pia weaving process is completed in five stages. Mature pineapple leaves are harvested and stripped of their outer coating with a blunt instrument during the first step, pagkigue (for example a coconut shell). The leaves yield two types of fiber: the first, known as bastos, is strong and coarse and is typically used to make string or twine. Liniwan, also known as washout, will only lift away from a leaf after vigorous scraping. It is much finer and is used in the weaving of fabric. The fibres' green epidermal layer is washed away, leaving behind white, opaque threads.
Hand-knotting and trimming individual fibers to create one long, seamless filament are involved in the pagpisi and pagpanug ot stages. During pagtalinuas, the filament is warped and spun onto spools; when not being manipulated, the loose fibers are mixed with sand to keep them from tangling. The final stage of pia weaving, known as paghaboe, involves weaving the cloth on a two-treadle upright loom..
The resulting pia fabric is translucent and stiff. It is frequently mixed with silk or polyester to make scarves or garments, such as the Barong Tagalog, the Philippines' national dress. Pia cloth can be embellished with calado, a traditional Filipina hand embroidery technique.
Process
Technicalities: The elements and principles integrated into their product.
Piña fabric is characterized by being lightweight but stiff, with a sheer appearance and a smooth silk-like texture.
Technicalities
Basey Mat
Basey
Mat
Banig weaving is a technique that involves folding over strips of material to create unique geometrical designs. Though it is unclear when it began," people in Basey, Samar had been weaving mats long before the Spaniards arrived, and the sleeping mats were used in Christian provinces as well as among the Moros.
Banig weaving is regarded as a genuine
treasure passed down as a tradition
or a trade from one generation to the
next because it is widely practiced
throughout the country; Filipinoo
ingenuity can be seen in their
creation, and the designs vary
depending on the practices of each region.
Banig weaving is a century-old practice in Basey town that has been passed down from generation to generation and has a significant historical and cultural significance in Samar and its people, particularly in Basey.
Who are the producers as well as the consumers of their products?
In Basey, Samar, it has grown into a thriving household industry and a primary source of income, particularly for women weavers known locally as "paralagra." Among them is the Barangay Palaypay Weavers Association.
Producers &
Consumers
Cultural significance of the Art
Banig weaving is a century-old practice in Basey town that has been passed down from generation to generation. It is significant to the history and culture of Samar and its people, particularly the people of Basey, where it has developed into a flourishing household industry and a primary source of livelihood, particularly among women weavers.
Cultural
significance
The use/ function of their art in their daily lives.
Aside from sleeping and sitting, other traditional uses of the banig for Filipinos include floor mats, packing tobacco for exportation, and sun-drying copra. In the modern era, the mat itself can be made into various shapes to serve other functions. Filipinos use banig weavings to create unique products such as wall hanging decors, bags, hats, slippers, tissue holders, and more.
Uses/Functions
The Process
Process
Plants used in banig weaving thrive in the Philippines' tropical climate. Filipinos use rattan, palm species, and various species of reeds that grow in swampy areas to make the mats. The leaves are soft, flexible, high quality, and decorated with various designs of colorful dyed straws. The matting materials are dried, sometimes in direct sunlight, but more often in the presence of bleaching agents such as vinegar, lemon or tamarind juice, and pandakaki leaves (Tabernaemontana pandacaqui). This is done to strengthen the materials and give them a brown color.
History
Kapis
A capiz shell is the protective shell of a mollusk that is primarily used for decorative purposes such as window panes, lighting fixtures, and kitchen utensils. These mollusks, also known as windowpane oysters, are abundant in Southeast Asia, particularly in the Philippines, which is the world's largest producer and exporter of capiz shells. Its name, "capiz," was derived from a province in the Philippines' Visayas region, which has a high concentration of the mollusk. This species of oyster, Placuna placenta, can also be found on the coasts of India, the Gulf of Aden, the Malay Peninsula, and China. The mollusk has been observed living in shallow and sandy sea water up to a depth of more than 300 feet. They eat plankton, which they filter from the sea by allowing the current to pass through their shells.
Who are the producers as well as the consumers of their products?
Producers &
Consumers
Placuna placenta, a bivalve mollusk, is found throughout the Philippines, particularly in coves, lagoons, and estuaries where fresh and salt water meet. They can be harvested by handpicking on muddy beaches or diving in deeper waters. Cebu, an island in the Philippines' archipelago, is the center of the country's shellcraft industry. Cebu, a city brimming with local talent and natural resources, is where eco-ethical fashion label Island Girl employs up to 20 artisan communities in handcrafting accessories and jewelry. While The United States, Japan, and several European countries are the world's largest consumers of
capiz shells. Shells are classified
according to their size and quality,
with shells larger than 75
millimeters in diameter classified
as first class and shells smaller
than 60 millimeters in diameter classified as fourth class.
Cultural significance of the art
Cultural
Significance
Capiz Shells are indigenous to the Philippines' Capiz province and the island of Samal. They are commonly known as windowpane oysters because their shells have been harvested for thousands of years for use as windowpanes. Today, capiz shells are used to make chandeliers, lampshades, decorative objects, clothing embellishment, and jewelry.
The shells are translucent in their natural
state, but they become opaque when
heated. When heated for an extended
period of time, shells become a smoky
brown color. Shells are also dyed in a
variety of fashionable colors. Capiz shells
have aided people in two ways: as a
source of food and as a means of subsistence.
Uses/Function
USES/
Function
During the Spanish occupation of the Philippines, Capiz shells were first used to make slide windows for churches. People soon discovered that its shells could be used in an infinite number of ways. In the Philippines, there are several ways to use Capiz shells as a resource, including window panes, jewelry, ornaments, kitchen utensils, and fashion.
However, if the meat of capiz shells is still fresh, it can be eaten. The meat can be eaten raw with a dipping sauce like vinegar, or it can be sautéed. Capiz is typically sun-dried to allow it to open naturally. As a result, the shell is less damaged as the meat is extracted from the inside. The removed meat is frequently used in poultry and shrimp feeds.
Capiz shells have served as both food and a way of life for people throughout history. In the Philippines, there is already small and large-scale production of capiz shells, for which locals rely on their income from working in capiz shell farms and factories. Its ability to be transformed into a wide range of products has resulted in extremely high demand, and various sources/producers are increasing their supply to keep up. Capiz shells used to be easily found in the Philippines because they naturally reproduce in their desired environment, and harvesting is still not as severe and in-demand as it is today.
Process
Process
Before being processed, Capiz shells are muddy and jagged. The shells are cleaned after harvesting and then soaked in tubs of water and mild acid to further clean and soften them. They are laid out in the sun to dry after soaking. Dried shells can now be cut, varnished, and formed into various shapes and sizes, as well as colored with bleaches and dyes. When it comes to making different products out of capiz shells, the sky is the limit. It can be made into different home products and decorations such as curtains, chandeliers, lamp shades, lanterns, wall-mounted decors, candle holders, tiles, wall panels, plates, bowls, trays, picture frames, etc. It can also be transformed into fashion jewelry, accessories, and gift items. Capiz shell is known for being a very versatile material that can be used for a variety of purposes. There are many Filipino artisans and craftsmen who specialize in creating various designs and products out of capiz shells, some of which are sold online.
Technicalities: The elements and principles integrated into their product.
Technicalities
When cleaned, the shell reveals a translucent silvery color and measures 70 to 100 millimeters in length. Capiz shells are typically more flattened than other mollusk shells, with a V-shaped ligament ridge visible near the hinge. Capiz shells also produce pearls, which are typically ivory or white in color and relatively small in size, which is why their pearls have a lower economic value when compared to other pearl-producing mollusks. Capiz is well-known for its glass-like shells, which have made it famous around the world for the various products that can be made from them.