Introducing
Your new presentation assistant.
Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.
Trending searches
14
BRAZIL
Background of Brazil
The country of Brazil is the largest country in the southern part of the Americas. The official name of the country is the Republica Federativa do Brasil or the Federative Republic of Brazil, which is known by its shortened version of Brazil. Aside from being the largest in the southern hemisphere, it is also one of the largest countries in the world. There are twenty-six states that make up the country of Brazil. In these combined states, a total of about 210 million people are citizens of the country of Brazil (Kästle, 2019).
BACKGROUND
Governing Power of Brazil
Governing
Power
The country of Brazil had a federative republic. In the late 1980's the federative republic abolished the monarchy in Brazil and introduced separate state powers.
EXECUTIVE JUDICIAL LEGISLATIVE
BRANCH BRANCH BRANCH
These three forms of government come together
to create a system that will be beneficial to all
the people of the country and ensure their
safety.
Healthcare Related Organizations
Healthcare
Related
Organizations
The Brazilian Red Cross
GOAL:
- To serve as an aid whenever there are any issues that are health related, including health outbreaks, natural disasters, learning, education, and training. (Brazilian red cross, 2019)
The Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA)
GOAL:
- The Goal of ANVISA is to “protect and promote public health, by exercising health surveillance over products and services, including processes, ingredients, and technologies that pose any health risks” (Huynh- Ba, 2018).
Healthcare Funding
Healthcare
Funding
The country of Brazil uses a universal health coverage called the Unified Health System. (Sistema Único de saúde (SUS) (Massuda, 2018).
FUNDING:
Funding for the healthcare comes from the different forms of government. The federal, state and municipal must all come together to contribute to the different aspects of the healthcare system. (Health financing profile- Brazil, 2014).
Topic
There must be a minimum contribution made using tax revenue as well as social contributions to aid in the funding of the healthcare system. (Health financing profile- Brazil, 2014).
REFERENCES
Rajkumar, Sunil, A., Eleonora, Deena, Ferl, & Katharina. (2014, May 29). Brazil- health financing profile. Retrieved from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/638281468226148870/pdf/883440BRI0P1230l0final0January02014.pdf
Huynh- Ba, K., & Sassi, A. B. (2018). ANVISA: an introductions to a new regulatory agency with many challenges. AAPS OPEN, 4(1). Doi: 10.1186/s41120-018-0029-x
Massuda, A., Hone, T., Leles, F. A. G., Castro, M. C. D., & Atun, R. (2018). The Brazilian health system at crossroads: progress, crisis and resilience. BMJ Global Health, 3(4). Doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000829
Nationsonline.org, Kästle.k-. Copyright 1991- 2019. Brazil. Retrieved from https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/brazil.htm
Michigan State University. Global Edge: Your source for global business knowledge. Copyright 2019. Brazil: Government. Retrieved from https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/brazil/government
PICTURES
Wood, A. K. (2020, January 21). Analysis Citizens United turns 10 today. Here's what we've learned about dark money. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/01/21/citizens-united-turns-10-today-heres-what-weve-learned-about-dark-money/
President of Brazil. (2020, January 4). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Brazil
Diversity in Congress: who won in Brazil's elections. (2019, March 4). Retrieved from https://bluevisionbraskem.com/en/human-development/diversity-in-congress-who-won-in-brazils-elections/
Judiciary of Brazil. (2020, January 19). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary_of_Brazil
CNN. Brazil. (2017, July 6). Retrieved from https://www.cnn.com/travel/destinations/brazil
Brazil's Ongoing Disease Outbreaks - September 2019. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.vaxbeforetravel.com/brazil-travel-alerts-suggest-vaccines-and-medicines-chikungunya-dengue-measles-yellow-fever-zika
Lees, W. (2018, March 27). The Untold Story Behind How Brazil Got its Name. Retrieved from https://theculturetrip.com/south-america/brazil/articles/the-untold-story-behind-how-brazil-got-its-name/
Cultural beliefs and traditions
Brazil's culture
CULTURE
The country of Brazil is split into five regions. “These divisions are used for administrative purposes such as the national Brazilian census and they roughly correspond to geographic, demographic, economic, and cultural variation within the sprawling nation” (“Brazil”, 2019). Within the five regions “ the northeast has the greatest as proportion of people of African descent, the south and southeast are home to the bulk of Brazilians of European and Japanese ancestry, while indigenous peoples live largely in the north and central west” (“Brazil”, 2019 ).
Cultural beliefs
Each region varies in the type of traditions they practice but, “the predominant influence being Portuguese” (“Brazil”, 2019).
Most of the cultural beliefs are based off the catholic church in Brazil. Each region varies in the type of traditions they practice but, “the predominant influence being Portuguese” (“Brazil”, 2019).
According to the World Geography about 61 percent of the population considered themselves Roman Catholic (Kurian, religions, 2019).As the other 39 percent self identifies themselves as a mixture of protestant, Jewish, Muslim, Buddhist, and African spiritualism. Even though there is freedom of religious expression and belief, the state and Roman catholic church still have a very close relationship that exists.
Religion
The health beliefs of brazil. “Concepts of health and wellness are and absence of pain, suffering, or disease and sometimes a divine blessing” (“Cultural Approaches”, 2019). Many Brazilian people only seek medical treatment to cure an illness rather than preventing a diseases progression. Many people have the same attitude about illness they simply believe its attributed to fate. Many acute illnesses are often said to be the cause of food ingestion, mental state of mind, emotional issues, change in environment, or often activity changes.
Health beliefs
references
Brazil, Countries and Their Cultures, 2019, Retrieved Dec 20,2019, from https://www.everyculture.com/Bo-Co/Brazil.html
“Cultural Approaches to Pediatric Palliative Care in Central Massachusetts: Brazilian.” Resource Guides, 4 Jan. 2019, Retrieved Dec 20, 2019, from libraryguides.um
Kurian, George Thomas, ed. (2019, Dec 14) Brazil: Religions. World Geography and Culture Online. Facts On File, Retrieved Dec 20, 2019, from http://fofweb.infobase.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE39&Culture.aspx&iPin= M0020323&SingleRecord=True
Healthcare Policies
Brazil is one of many countries that has implemented a universal health care system that is free to it's people. Through the public health system {Systema Único de Saúde (SUS)} about 75% of people receive coverage and the other 25% opt for private coverage.
HEALTHCARE
Brazil does not allow it's people to opt out of the SUS, and the downfall is that primary healthcare is not followed through the public system.
Family Health Strategy
The FHS
The FHS is a community-based program designed to provide integrated healthcare in which family doctors play a key role. Teams are composed of a family physician, nurse, nursing assistant, and 4 to 12 community health agents.
The healthcare teams are expected to visit each house once per month regardless of need.
The FHS teams provide disease management, immunizations healthy pregnancy, and health promotion among many other things.
Goals of the FHS
Healthcare Teams
Each healthcare team is expected to visit each household once per month regardless of need.
The FHS is funded publically and costs just $50 per person per year.
Funding
Evidence of Fraud, Waste, and Abuse
In 2013, Accenture completed a claims survey of Europe and Latin America that states seven out of ten insurer respondents indicate they have seen an increase in fraudulent claims over the past three years with the average increase being 10 percent.
Healthcare Fraud, Waste, and Abuse
using business rules to detect irregularities during the claims process
Employing predictive modeling which is a method that reviews previous fraudulent insurance claims to identify factors to prevent future fraudulent cases
How to improve
Undertaking network analysis which is the analyzing of the relationship between parties to detect organized insurance fraud
closing the loop and intervening which involves identifying a risk and taking immediate action by investigating using a team of specialists, claims management and the insured
References
Accenture (2013) How to effectively fight insurance fraud. Retrieved from: https://www.accenture.com/us-en/~/media/accenture/conversion-assets/dotcom/documents/global/pdf/technology_8/accenture-how-effectively-fight-insurance-fraud.pdf
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department (December 14, 2012). Brazil: detailed assessment of observance of insurance core principles of the international association of insurance supervisors. Retrieved from: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2012/cr12334.pdf
References
Massuda, A. Hone, T. Leles, F. et al. (July 3, 2018) The Brazilian health system at crossroads: progress, crisis, and resilience. BMJ Global Health. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000829
Wadge, H. Bhatti, Yasser. Carter, A. Harris, M. Parston, G. Darzi, A. (December 13, 2016). Brazil’s family health strategy: using community health care workers to provide primary care. Retrieved from: https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/case-study/2016/dec/brazils-family-health-strategy-using-community-health-care-workers
Primary Healthcare Facilities
&
Secondary Healthcare Facilities
Facilities
The SUS has greatly impacted Brazil by progressing towards Universal Healthcare while strengthening the use of healthcare facilities and health outcomes throughout Brazil.
(Masssuda, Hone, Leles, de Castro, & Atun, 2018)
Barriers
Long wait times and under-staffing of doctors
Research shows it has taken an average of 15 days for Brazillian's to get an appointment with a primary care doctor.
Barriers
Patients are forced to seek care from secondary healthcare centers but overflow of patient's have caused many to never be seen by doctors.
(Garcia-Subirates et al., 2014)
"More Doctors Program"
The "More Doctors Program" aims to improve the availability of doctors in the areas and facilities that are experiencing shortages.
(Garcia-Subirates et al., 2014)
Education
The most prevalent untreated diseases include hypertension, depression, arthritis, and diabetes mellitus.
Education
Many individuals in Brazil do not utilize their healthcare facilities as a result of misunderstandings and a lack of education resulting in never accessing a physician, not following up with appointments, or having improper or no blood glucose or blood pressure screenings.
(Boccolini, C. S., de Souza Junior, 2016)
Community Health Workers
Work to educate the population about their health.
"Family Health Strategy"
Work in facilities to help keep other health care professionals organized and to help reduce the long wait times.
Educate individuals with hypertension and diabetes on how to properly take their medications and how to check their blood sugar or blood pressure
Run health education sessions in clinics and they may also refer individuals with more complex problems to a physician
(Wadge, 2019).
References
References
Boccolini, C. S., & de Souza Junior, P. R. B. (2016). Inequities in Healthcare
utilization: results of the Brazilian National Health Survey, 2013. International Journal for Equity in Health, 15(1). doi:10.1186/s12939-016-0444-3
Garcia-Subirats, I., Vargas, I., Mogollón-Pérez, A. S., De Paepe, P., da Silva, M. R.
F., Unger, J. P., & Vázquez, M. L. (2014). Barriers in access to healthcare in countries with different health systems. A cross-sectional study in municipalities of central Colombia and north-eastern Brazil. Social Science & Medicine, 106, 204–213. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.01.054
Massuda, A., Hone, T., Leles, F. A. G., de Castro, M. C., & Atun, R. (2018). The
Brazilian health system at crossroads: progress, crisis and resilience. BMJ Global Health, 3(4), e000829. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000829
Wadge, H. (2019, May 23). Brazil’s Family Health Strategy: Using Community
Health Care Workers to Provide Primary Care Commonwealth Fund. Retrieved December 21, 2019, from Commonwealthfund.org website: https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/case-study/2016/dec/brazils-family-health-strategy-using-community-health-care-workers
Healthcare workers
The country's workforce of nurses is diverse and includes nurses, nurse technicians and nurse auxiliaries who assist the nurses in providing care, as well as midwives (Silva, K. L., Sena, R. R. D., Tavares, T. S., Belga, S. M. M. F., & Maas, L. W. D., 2016). Brazil population is served by nurse professionals, community healthcare workers, doctors and other professional as part of an integrated interdisciplinary team in the Family Health Strategy (FSH) program.
HEALTHCARE
WORKERS
(Meyer,2010)
(Wadge et al., 2016)
Statistic
As of March 2011, Brazil's workforce comprised a total of 1,535,568 nursing professionals, including 314,127 professional nurses, 698,697 nurse technicians and 508,182 nurse auxiliaries (Silva et al., 2016).
Healthcare workers statistic
(Wadge et al., 2016)
Healthcare workers
Lack of healthcare workers
One of the biggest problems Brazil faces is the shortage of primary care physicians and nurses, especially in rural areas. There are more doctors and nurses working in urban and developing areas(Silva et al., 2016)
The beginning of education
Education
In Brazil, higher education for healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, dates back to the late 18th century. The first school of nursing was established in 1890 in Rio of Janeiro (Leonello, de Miranda & de Campos, 2011).
(Worldatlas,2015)
Education
- Nursing education continues to grow due to urgent public health needs (Silva et al., 2016).
- As of 2008, enrollment in undergraduate nursing programs double in just four years (Silva et al., 2016).
Growth of Education
Problems
- Concentration of schools has been uneven.
- Most schools are located in high population/density areas.
- Issues with location of schools and availability for students to access the states with more schools due to distance and transportation (Silva et al., 2016)
Problems
(Raiser, 2018)
Inter-professional health education
Inter-professional health education
The National Curriculum Guidelines for Health Education and the Brazilian Unified Health System prioritize on suggesting ways in which professionals can transform the delivery of health services. Inter-professional health education aims to provide comprehensive care by implementing changes in professional practice (Silva et al., 2019).
Role of nurses
The role of nurse professional in Brazil is set forth by Brazilian law 7,498 which sets forth actions exclusive to nurses only. This include:
leading , organizing, planning, supervising nursing services and issuing reports, ability to make immediate decision, help manage patient care in their home settings and managing medications to ensure compliance, work with interdisciplinary team to provide holistic healthcare (Pimienta &Souza, 2016).
Role of Nurses
(Wadge etal., 2016)
Nursing in Brazil
" Nursing in Brazil is a discipline from the field of health, knowledge that is produced and reproduced in undergraduate and graduate programs and specialized programs, which make the foundation of the work of professionals called nurses" (Pimenta& Souza, 2016, p.1).
Nurses
Leonello, V.M., de Miranda Neto, M. V., & de Campos Oliveria, M.A. (2011). Nursing higher education in Brazil: a historical view. Rev Esc Enferm USP, 45(2).
Meyer, A. (2010, January). How Brazil nut shows a path for sustainable development in the Amazon. Retrived from https://www.brazil.org.za/brazil-education.html
Pimenta, A. L., & Souza, M. D. L. D. (2016). Nursing as a Profession in Brazil: Sociological Contributions. Journal of Nursing & Care, 5(4). doi: 10.4172/2167-1168.1000354
Raiser, M. (2018, July 23). How the Brazil nut shows a path for sustainable development in the Amazon. Retrieved from
http://blogs.worldbank.org/latinamerica/how-brazil-nut-shows-path-sustainable-development-amazon
Silva GTRD, Batista SHSDS, Batista NA, et al. (2019): Interprofessional education: reflections on health training in Brazil. Nurse Care Open Access Journal. 2019;6(5):158-160. doi: 10.15406/ncoaj.2019.06.00201
Silva, K. L., Sena, R. R. D., Tavares, T. S., Belga, S. M. M. F., & Maas, L. W. D. (2016). Migrant nurses in Brazil: demographic characteristics, migration flow and relationship with the training process. Revista Latino-Americana De Enfermagem, 24(0).
doi: 10.1590/1518-8345.0390.2686
Wadge, H., Bhatti, Y., Carter, A., Harris, M., Parston, G., & Darzi, A. (2016, December 13). razils Family Health Strategy: Using Community Health Retrieved from https://www.commonwealthfund.org/sites/default/files/documents/___media_files_public
Ations_case_study_2016_dec_1914_wadge_brazil_family_hlt_strategy_frugal_case_stud
Y_v2.pdf.
Where is Rio de Janeiro, Brazil? (2015, October 2).
Retrieved from https://www.worldatlas.com/sa/br/rj/where-is-rio-de-janeiro.html
References
Video
Lylah Uttamsingh(11, Jan 2016)
The Culture of Brazil[Video].Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lIiwSZ9gid0&feature=youtu.be