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Credibility - the audience's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic
Credibility is dynamic
Create Common Ground
- the speaker connects himself or herself with the values, attitudes, or experiences of the audience
Explain your competence
Speak with sincerity and conviction
Use Evidence and use it often
Anticipate your audience's reaction
Reasoning - the process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence
Make the connection for your audience
Argument Evidence Explanation
Reasoning from Specific Instances - reasoning that moves from particular facts to a general conclusion
Reasoning from Principle - reasoning that moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion (major premise, minor premise, therefore)
Causal Reasoning - reasoning that seeks to establish the relationship between causes and effects (if/then)
Analogical Reasoning - reasoning in which a speaker compares two similar cases or things and infers that what is true for the first is also true for the second
- an error in reasoning -
https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/
Over 120 fallacies, you only need to know 10
- Hasty Generalization (limited examples)
- False Cause (unclear connection)
- Invalid Analogy (not similar)
- Bandwagon (popular is good)
- Ad Hominem (attack on the person)
- Either Or (two opposing choices)
- Appeal to Tradition (old is good)
- Appeal to Novelty (new is good)
- Red Herring (irrelevant topic)
- Slippery Slope (negative consequences)
- Do not use fear appeals
"tugging at the heart strings"