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Columbian exchange project
4
Transcript
Sugar in the Columbian Exchange
Origins and Diffusion
- Sugarcane was first domesticated in Papua New Guinea around 8,000 BCE.
- Chewed raw for its sweet taste
- 8,000 BCE - 600 CE: Sugarcane diffused to Southeast Asia, China, and India through sea based trade
- Around 350 CE: Sugar was crystalized in India during the Gupta Dynasty
- Around 600 CE: Cultivation and processing techniques later spread to Persia and the Mediterranean
- Around 640 CE - 900 CE: Grown in China and Southern Europe; primarily in Sicily and Spain.
Sugar in Brazil and the Caribbean
- Around 1500: Portuguese introduced sugar to Brazil.
- produced between 15,000 to 20,000 tons a year in the 1620s
- 1493: Spaniards introduced Sugar to Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic)
- The Dutch also joined the Spanish and Portuguese, owning a colony in Northeastern Brazil.
- Were expelled by Portuguese in 1654
- Caribbean soon became dominant in production, reducing the price of both Brazilian sugar and exports
- Became highly profitable cash crop for colonizing countries and made up 2/3 of the European economy.
How Sugar Affected the New World
- Aside from sugar, diseases, animals, and other crops were introduced too.
- Some natives did not want to work for sugar plantations leading to the importation of slaves from Africa.
- Demand for plantation workers during this period layed the foundation to the triangular slave trade.
Cultural Impact
- Since slaves were inported from Africa, they brought their food, music, and languages with them which created ethnic diversity within the Americas and the Caribbean.
Sources
Topic
- https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/precontact-and-early-colonial-era/old-and-new-worlds-collide/a/the-columbian-exchange-ka
- https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1784/sugar--the-rise-of-the-plantation-system/
- https://opened.cuny.edu/courseware/module/317/student/?task=4
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