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Heroin Addiction in Young Adults

Elizabeth Gallagher, Keanna Hinds, Selena Rivera, Sharon Sajan

Heroin is an opioid drug that is made from Morphine, a narcotic painkiller that is used to treat patients with severe pain.

- Heroin can be in the forms of white powder, brown powder, or a sticky black substance which is known as black tar heroin.

- Heroin can be snorted, injected, and sniffed.

- Heroin is highly addictive. Oftentimes people who use it regularly build a tolerance and take in higher doses to feel the effects.

What is Heroin?

Long term and Short Term Effects

- Long term effects of heroin use can change the physical structure of the brain, creating a long-term imbalances and hormonal systems worsening the condition of an individual.

- It affects the decision- making abilities, response to stressful situations, and regulating appropriate behavior.

Health Effects & Associated Diseases

- Short term effects of heroin use can depress breathing by changing neurochemical activity in the brainstem, where heart rate and breathing are controlled.

- It affects the limbic system which controls emotions.

- It can block pain messages through spinal cord from the body.

Associated Diseases

- HIV and Hepatitis C are diseases that are associated with heroin addiction.

Associated Disease

Withdrawal

Withdrawal Symptoms

Withdrawal symptoms from heroin can occur

when use is reduced abruptly leading:

- Intense craving for heroin

- Extreme sweating

- Nausea and vomiting

- Severe muscle aches and pains

- Cramping in the limbs

- Feelings of heaviness of the body

- Extreme pain in muscles and bones

- Crying jags

- Insomnia

- Cold sweats

- Runny nose

- Fever

- Diarrhea

- Death can occur when other medical conditions are present

Epidemiology Of Heroin Addiction

Epidemiology

- As of 2016, 948,000 people in the United States used heroin at least once in that year, according to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

- This number has been rising over the years, mostly in people ages 18-25.

- However, the numbers in teens ages 12-17 has been slowly declining throughout the years.

- From 2011 to 2013, the rates of heroin use were higher for men than women and in ages 18-25. Also, it was reported that people with a household income of $20,000 or more, who lived in urban areas, and had no health insurance had higher rates of heroin abuse, according to the CDC.

Heroin Use, Deaths, and Prescription Drug Use

Heroin Addiction Statistical Graphs

Factors that Contribute to Heroin Addiction

Influencing Factors

There are many factors that can influence one to use heroin or relapse. These factors include but are not limited to:

- Environmental factors such as substance use among your family or peers, exposure to traumatic abuse, exposure to cultures which encourage substance use and access to an addictive substance.

- Psychological factors such as stress, anxiety and depression can be a major factor because one may feel “at ease” or “calm” once they have used a substance.

- Starting heroin at an early age can lead to constant use in the future because of the abuse of the substance as an adolescent.

Behavior Strategies

Behavior Strategies

- Providing information to patients who are at risk of heroin overdose and educate them in the use of it.

- Consider giving adolescents an overdose reversal medication such as naloxone.

- Having brief interventions

- Give a referral to treatments

- As well as offer guidance to the patients as they may need.

Treatment for People Addicted to Heroin

Treatments for opioid addiction in young adults include:

- A medical detox which simply rids the body of the substance over some time (the amount of time depends on the person.)

- Prescribed medication (Methadone, suboxone, etc.)

- Enrollment into a rehabilitation center

Treatment & Resources

Types of Programs and Resources

Help and Resources

+There are phone numbers to call if in need

- 1-800-662-HELP (4357)

+Drug Rehab Centers

- Long-term Residential Treatment

- Short-term Residential Treatment

- Outpatient Treatment Programs

+Counseling

- Individualized Drug Counseling

- Group Counseling

+Detox programs

Questions

1. As of 2016, how many people used heroin at least once in that year?

a. 700,000

b. 350,000

c. 948,000

d. 554,000

2. What are some symptoms of withdrawal as a result of heroin addiction?

a. Intense Craving

b. Death

c. Nausea

d. All of the above

3.Which is a treatment for heroin addiction?

a. Medical detox

b. Rehabilitation centers

c. Medication

d. All of the above

4. Which systems does heroin affect the most?

a. Nervous and Limbic System

b. Endocrine System and Muscular System

c. Digestive System

d. None of the above

5. What are the diseases associated with heroin addiction?

a. HIV

b. Anorexia

c. Hepatitis B

d. Both A and C

References

“Heroin Addiction Signs, Effects, & Withdrawal Symptoms.” Options: Behavioral Health System, Options Behavioral Health Hospital , 2019, https://www.optionsbehavioralhealthsystem.com/addiction/heroin/effects-signs-symptoms/.

Jones, Christopher M. “Vital Signs: Demographic and Substance Use Trends Among Heroin Users - United States, 2002–2013.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 July 2015, https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6426a3.htm?s.

“Heroin Treatment and Rehab .” Edited by Jeffrey Juergens, Addiction Center, Addiction Center, 12 Sept. 2019, https://www.addictioncenter.com/drugs/heroin/treatment/.

National Institute on Drug Abuse. “What Are the Long-Term Effects of Heroin Use?” NIDA, National Institute on Drug Abuse, June 2018, https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/what-are-long-term-effects-heroin-use.

National Institute on Drug Abuse. “What Are the Immediate (Short-Term) Effects of Heroin Use?” NIDA, National Institute on Drug Abuse, June 2018, https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/what-are-immediate-short-term-effects-heroin-use.

NIDA. "Heroin." National Institute on Drug Abuse, 27 Jun. 2019, https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/heroin. Accessed 24 Oct. 2019.

Office of Adolescent Health. “Opioids and Adolescents.” HHS.gov, US Department of Health and Human Services, 13 May 2019, https://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/adolescent-development/substance-use/drugs/opioids/index.html#prevention.

“Who Develops Addiction.” Center on Addiction, 14 Apr. 2017, https://www.centeronaddiction.org/addiction/addiction-risk-factors.

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