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The 2011 East Africa drought happened from July 2011 - June 2012. This was a severe drought that occurred all throughout the East African region. This drought heavily affected all people in East Africa due to the shortage of food and intense temperatures, causing the loss of up to 260,000 lives. The relief of this natural disaster was $1.3 B.
- Known to be the worst drought in Africa in 60 years
- Caused the worst food security crisis Africa has gone through in 20 years
- "It's almost overwhelming to comprehend that in the 21st century people are still experiencing famines of such magnitude. We're talking about 20 million people, and all this within the next six months, or now," - a quote told by the secutary general of the relief organisation CARE, in June 2012
This map shows where in East Africa there was food crisis
The reason of the occurrence of the 2011 East Africa Drought was mainly because of failed rainfalls in Kenya, Somalia and Ethiopia. The failure of rainfall came from man-made climate change and lasted for around 18 months. Scientists state that around 24-99% came from disruptive human influence on the earth. 'La-Nina' is a form of cool tempuratures coming from the South Pacific Ocean, leading towards East Africa. What has been discovered in 1999 is that due to man-made climate change, their has been a increase in ocean tempuratures, causing less cool air in East Africa, less ability for storms, resulting in a loss of long rain. Since 1999, there has been even more manufacturing of boats and other transport resources that we can use in the ocean. However, by having these transportation resources, we are allowing a large decline in rain in East Africa, hence the 2011 drought. The more boats, submarines, ships, etc that we have in our oceans, the higher the temperature of the ocean gets, the higher chance of long droughts.
- Scientists state that around 24-99% came from disruptive human influence on the earth.
- The average temperature of the south pacific ocean is 15c however in 2011 the tempurature rose by 8 degreesC
https://iri.columbia.edu/news/is-drought-in-east-africa-the-new-normal/
ENVIROMENTEL IMPACT
The 2011 East Africa Drought left East Africa fighting for survival due to the immense water and food crisis. Due to the fact there was no rain, there was no growth of vegetation, meaning no fruits, vegetables and carbs. There was also no water and less and less healthy grass meaning millions of animals died, causing even less food.
ECONOMIC IMAPCT
The drought caused intense price rises of food, because druing the drought there was no food growth, bussinesses and families had gone broke and needed to increase their prices to restore the money they lost. The government also lot $1.3 billion out of their funds to restore East Africa after this traumatic time.
SOCIAL IMPACT
The people of East Africa had the main impact from this dorught. Post drought there 3 times the amount of children in starvation than there were pre drought. 1/4 of the east african people have to leave becuase they couldn't live there anymore.
- 260,000 died from this disaster
- The relief cost was $1.3 billion
- 9.5 million people were in need of assistance
Throughout the years during and post drought, the government and community teamed together to restore their society. They started making precautions to keep their area somewhat safe. These precautions included: Increased stockpiling food, water restrictions and water conservation campaigns, as well as multiple funds coming from the national African government. Post drought, the relief amount was $1.3 B. However, even that amount of money did not cover the restoration of East Africa. Since 2011, food prices have increased and there are now 3 times the amount of starving children than there were before this devastating drought.
- In July 2011, the Hazelmere Dam in KwaZulu-Natal was at 29% capacity - also the all time low
- The government declared the 5 provinces the drought occurred in as 'disaster-areas' and tried to move as many people as they could to safe areas
- The government signed with Ion Exchange (India) Ltd to work together on water-related products, to prepare for the future
- 1/4 of Somalia's people are displaced
Severe Drought Causes Famine in East Africa. (n.d.). Retrieved November 04, 2021 from https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/51411/sev ere-drought-causes-famine-in-east-africa
(wwwdwcom), D. W. (n.d.). Up to 20 million threatened by drought in eastern Africa | Africa | DW | 16.02.2017. DW.COM. Retrieved November 04, 2021 from https://www.dw.com/en/up-to-20-million-threatened- by-drought-in-eastern-africa/a-37580220
Update on the 2011 East Africa drought and famine (Podcast/Q&A) - Somalia | ReliefWeb. ReliefWeb. https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/update-2011-e ast-africa-drought-and-famine-podcastqa#:~:text=Th e drought in East Africa,in Kenya, Somalia and Ethiopia
Climate change linked to 2011 East Africa drought. Climate Home News. https://www.climatechangenews.com/2013/02/21/clima te-change-linked-to-2011-east-africa-drought/
IRI – International Research Institute for Climate and Society | Is Drought In East Africa The New Normal? (n.d.). Retrieved November 04, 2021 from https://iri.columbia.edu/news/is-drought-in-east-a frica-the-new-normal/
Hitachi, & Ltd. The Impact of Drought on Africa: Hitachi Review. Hitachi Review. https://www.hitachi.com/rev/archive/2017/r2017_07/ gir/index.html
Reid, K. Africa hunger, famine: Facts, FAQs, and how to help | World Vision. World Vision. https://www.worldvision.org/hunger-news-stories/af rica-hunger-famine-facts
The New Humanitarian | Fast facts about the drought. The New Humanitarian. https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/93426/ho rn-africa-fast-facts-about-drought