ENGL E101F Wk 9 S2_L21

Signpost or provide markers

• Purpose:
• Listeners can follow what you are saying and where you are going more easily
• How:
• Using sequence markers and words which show the relationships between ideas

Signpost or provide markers

For example:

• tell your listeners clearly when you have finished the first part and that you are now moving on to part two, then part three and so on.

Signpost or provide markers

Activity:

• Listen to a lecture entitled The functions of Examinations and complete the table.

Signpost or provide markers

In this lecture, I want to concentrate on ...

I want now to turn to ...

Signpost or provide markers

Let's take a closer look at this ...

By way of conclusion to my talk today ...

Signpost or provide markers

Introducing your topic:

• Today I'd like to discuss ...
• I'm going to explain ...
• I want to consider ...

Sequencing your points:

• First/ To begin with, I'll
• I will then go on to ...
• Next, I'll
• Finally/ My final point concerns ...

Signpost or provide markers

Introducing a new point:

• I'd like to turn now to ...
• Moving on now to ...
• Having looked at ..., let's now consider ...

Conclusing your speech:

• So, we can see that ...
• So, we can conclude from all this that ...
• By way of conclusion, I'd like to review my main points where are ...

Clarity and organization

• Be clear and concise
• Have a clear structure
• Tell your listeners how you have organized what you are going to say.

More repetition

• cannot go back and review
• the key ideas/terms need to be repeated to ensure that the content is clear

Activity

Listen again to the introduction and the first argument of the lecture, 'The Functions of Examinations'. Pay attention to the organization of the lecture and how the lecturer uses repetition to help his students to understand his argument.

Activity

well-established feature

benefits

health workers

teachers

public

pressure

Activity

desirable

essential component

Activity

stimulating healthy competition

an effective means of measuring learning

continuous assessment

Activity

The lecturer repeats the idea of stimulating healthy competition 3 times, once in the introduction when he provides the outline of sections and twice within the first argument.

He mentions that students are stimulated by the competitive atmosphere to produce the best work they are capable of. And before moving on to the second issue, he reinforces that examinations stimulate hard work and a healthy competition, which reflects the reality of the outside world.

Citation: Recap

Three steps include:

• Use of verbs of attribution
• Insert in-text citation
• Prepare the References

APA

The style we are using is called ____________ Style.

American Psychological Association

commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences

Citation: Verbs of attribution

List of verbs of attribution

points

reported

argues

Citation: in-text citation

Underline all in-text citations

Citation: In-text citation

et al. : Latin = and others

(Breen, 2001; Wong et al., 2008)

(Campbell & Lee, 2010)

1. Breen and Wong are two sources, one from Breen and one from Wong et al. while Campbell & Lee are the two authors working on one source.

Citation: In-text citation

et al. : Latin = and others

(Breen, 2001; Wong et al., 2008)

(Campbell & Lee, 2010)

2. et al. is used when there are three or more authors. Breen is the only author. Campbell and Lee are two authors but the one with Wong consist of Wong (K.), Xu (M.) and Ge (J.) so et al. is used.

Citation: In-text citation

There are two types of in-text citation.

Dunn (2005)

Integral

1. ____________ in-text citation e.g. _____________

(Breen, 2001)

Non-integral

2. _______________ in -text citation e.g. __________________

Integral

_________________ in-text citation works with verbs of attribution.