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Timeline -

Jazz History

Erin Orvick

1800-1925

1920s King Oliver

King Oliver created a new standard for New Orleans Jazz. Olivers Creole used simple melodies layered over blended instruments.

1800s Congo Square

Congo Square is a place where slaves could celebrate and practice their culture without backlash. This is also where New Orleans jazz was created, African heritage was joined with European music.

1922 Sidney Bechet

Sidney Bechet is credited for developing the jazz clarinet. He paved the way for a clarinet solo voice in jazz.

1900s Scott Joplin

Scott Joplin was a famous ragtime conposer. Ragtime is a genre of jazz that was the leadup to early jazz.

1920s Jelly Roll Morton

Jelly Roll Morton called himself the inventor of jazz. Morton spent a lot of his time as a performer traveling the US broadening the jazz platform. Jelly Roll Morton is remembered as one of the greatest New Orleans jazz composers.

1916-1918 Great Migration

In 1916 the great migration began, this was one of the largetst movments of people in United States History. World War 1 ended in the year 1918.

1800s Jim Crow

During this historic period the United States was serperated through segregation. This was also the period of the Civil War, Jim Crow laws, and slavery.

1920s Coleman Hawkins

Coleman Hawkins is credired with developing the technique that gave the saxophone the title of a standard jazz instrument. These developments came from his US tour.

1890-1910 Buddy Bolden

Buddy Bolden is considered the first jazz player. Bolden is remembered through the Blues music that he composed.

1800-1925

1925-1940s

1939 Bechet's Back

During this time Bechet beings using expressive range while playing the soprano saxophone.

1925 Louis Armstrong

This is the point at which Armstrong leaves King Olivers Creole band in order to pursue music in Chicago. Armstrong is responsible for the transition into solo jazz. Louis Armstong is a renowned musician in the jazz community.

1929 Great Depression

This was the worst economic fall in US history. Due to this records were not selling.

1920s-1940s Fletcher Henderson

Fletcher Henderson is remembered by his advanced sound of swing and his part in developing big band instrumentation.

1930s Benny Carter

Benny Carter had an instinctive feel for lyrical jazz. Using this, Carter created new possibilities for the alto saxophone. Benny Carter played a curicial role in the development of the alto sax as a major voice in jazz.

1926 Scatt

During this period Scatt is developed by none other than Louis Armstrong. This is using your mouth to create horn like sounds, an advanced technique in jazz singing.

1920s-1930s Duke Ellington

Ellington was a well known composer during the era of swing. Ellington is credited for guiding America into swing, and reintroducing group performance to jazz after the soloist era.

1930s-1940s Art Tatum

During these years Art Tatum used his advanced musical conception to develop jazz piano.

1933 Prohibition End

The end of the prohibition was a developmental factor of jazz as it brought speakeasies to an end. This caused live performance oprotunities to fall to a minimum.

Technology

In the 1920s-1930 technology played a crucial role in the widespread popularity of jazz. The development of the television and radio were the main components in this boom.

1925-1940

1940-1960

Mid 1950s The Messengers

The messengers were one of the only groups to survive the transition between the big bands era and the Hard-bop era.

1947 Gillespie

During this time found inspiration in Afro-Cuban music, this brought him great success and a performance in Carnegie Hall.

1950s-1960s Cecil Taylor

Cecil Taylor used a composition technique that was dense, percussive, and explosive. Taylor also used a fusillade of notes that were unapologetic. These techniques are why he is considered a very influential player in the Free Jazz movment.

1954 Miles Davis

Miles Davis is recognised as the premier soloist of his generation after his performance at Newport Jazz. He is also responsible for the rise of Hard Bop and Free Jazz.

1944 Bebop

Bebop is a jazz style that is upbeat and progressive. Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker had a major role in the rise of bebop.

1939-1945

World War 2

1968 MLK

This was the year in which Martin Luther King was assasinated.

1950s Free Jazz

The Free Jazz movment normalized the use of non-traditional musical structures as well as uncommon composition techniques.

1940s-1950s Earl Powell

Earl Powell left a long lasting mark on the jazz world through his reconfiguration of the jazz piano. Powell developed this sound and represented the bebop style despite not have the most coragous playing style.

1950s Civil Rights

During this period there were multiple civil rights movments including Brown v. Board of education and MLK.

1940-1960

1970s-2000s

1990s David Murray

David Murray was one who thought jazz should return to its roots of swing. The career of Murray reflected the division between freedom music and progressive jazz.

1970s Anthony Braxton

Anthony Braxton paved a new path for jazz by blurring the lines between free jazz and straight jazz. Braxton performed at the AAMC in Paris France with music of both African American and European heratige.

2002 Norah Jones

In hopes of a new hit album, Norah Jones produced a jazz pop mix album. This fusion of jazz and pop was unappreciated by critics. They believed the album leaned more twoards pop than jazz, giving the wrong impression of jazz.

1980s Acid Jazz

Acid jazz uses techniques from other genres like rap, soul, and house music. Gilles Peterson was a big influence on this genre.

1989 Cold War

This marks the end of the Cold war.

1975 Vietnam War

This marks the end of the Vietnam War.

21st Century Technology

CDs became very popular during this time. They were very convienient as most people had the ability to make their own CDs.

1980s Wynton Marsalis

Wynton Marsalis is a key figure in the start of the jazz war between traditionalists and progressives. Marsalis was at the center of mainstreem acoustic jazz.

1970-2000

Citations

Gioia, T. (2021). The history of Jazz. Oxford University Press, USA.

Levy, L. (1983). New Orleans Jazz: A Dialectal View. Sociological Spectrum, 3(3/4), 339–352. https://doi-org.proxy.library.maryville.edu/10.1080/02732173.1983.9981701

Taylor, J. (1998). Louis Armstrong, Earl Hines, and `Weather Bird’. Musical Quarterly, 82(1), 1. https://doi-org.proxy.library.maryville.edu/10.1093/mq/82.1.1

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