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Network Topologies & Architecture
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Network Topologies & Architecture
Physical Network Topologies
Physical Network Topologies
- Determines the way that devices on a network are physically arranged (through the way cables are used and arranged).
- We'll look at 5 different examples.
Star
- Consists of a central hub with each node connected to it directly.
+ Network doesn't go down with a single node.
+ Easy to setup and troubleshoot.
- Expensive to set up & maintain.
- If the root node goes down the whole network goes down.
Extended Star
- Uses the same framework as the star topology, however, it has extra repeaters to extend the maximum range.
+ It has a greater range than a star network.
- Even more expensive that Star network to setup.
Hierarchical
- Devices connect to a central hub (a star network), which will in turn connect to a central bus backbone.
+ Highly expandable.
- If the bus goes down, the whole network does.
Wireless Mesh
- A wireless mesh involves wireless access points connected to each other with multiple redundant connections.
+ If a node fails, then another will take its place.
+ Fault identification is relatively easy.
- Can be expensive.
- More complicated installation & setup.
Ad-Hoc
- A network that is built as devices connect. Devices connect connect directly to each other.
+ Very cheap.
- As an ad-hoc grows, performance comes an issue.
Logical Network Topologies
Logical Network Topologies
- How the data passes through the network between devices.
- Networks will often have different logical & physical topologies.
- IEEE 802.3 standard for wired Ethernet uses:
- logical bus topology
- physical star topology.
- IEEE 802.11 standard for Wireless LANs will be the same (when in infrastructure mode).
Network Architecture
Network Architecture
- The layout and design of a network, acting as a framework for its hardware and software.
- Main types include:
- Peer-to-Peer
- Client-Server
- Thin Client
Peer-to-Peer
- Each computer acts as a server for the files it stores.
- There is no central server.
+ No need for an expensive server.
+ No single point of failure.
+ Easier to set up.
- Access from other devices may
slow performance for the user.
- Poor security, particularly for
malware.
Client/Server
- Involves a central server from which other PCs (clients) connect to.
- The server stores and manages access to resources or services.
+ Better security.
+ Easier to share & backup files.
- Servers can be expensive.
- Server going down takes out
network, susceptible to DoS.
Thin Client
- A variant of client/server.
- The majority of (or even all) of client processing & storage will be performed by the server.
- Has the same pros & cons of client/server but each is more pronounced.