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ENGL E101F Wk 5 S2
ENGL E101F
Week 5 Session 1
Warm up exercise
the first person to say it
3 circles model
Advocated by Kachru (1932-2016), an Indian linguist who coined the term "World English"
3 circles model
Inner circle
Outer circle
expanding circle
Practice
Practice
Differences in:
- Pronunciation e.g. tomato, dance, advertisement, etc
- Spelling e.g. centre/ center; favourite/ favorite, etc
- Vocabulary
Practice
British and American English
British and American English
British and American English
British and American English
British and American English
Recap
Recap
What did we do in the last class?
What did we do in the last class?
- Patient's symptoms:
- pain, physical symptoms and psychological symptoms
- Unit 1
- Teacher-marked writing
Patient Case Report
Patient's summary
It includes:
- patient's background
- symptoms
Symptoms
Recap
Recap
- Present complaints i.e. pain
- acute pain; throbbing pain
- Physical symptoms
- feeling dizzy; deformed limbs
- Psychological/Emotional symptoms
- disoriented; unclear speech*
Recap
2 rules governing the presentation of symptoms
- 1. More important ones first or in chronological order i.e. from past to present (tense: past to present/ present perfect)
Recap
2 rules governing the presentation of symptoms
- 2. From physical to psychological
Practice
Practice
Activity
There are some jumbled statements. Rearrange them into a clear and coherent paragraph describing the patient's symptoms.
Practice
Following rule 1:
Present
- Today she is suffering a constant sharp pain ...
- The pain has made Miss McDonald worry ... She has become ...
- The pain gets worse when she coughs, ...
Practice
Past
- Later she suffered nausea and diarrhoea with an ...
- Two weeks ago Miss McDonald had a mild fever ...
- It began suddenly last night as a mild but constant ...
Practice
Some adverbials of time to guide you:
Present
- Today she is suffering a constant sharp pain ...
- The pain has made Miss McDonald worry ... She has become ...
- The pain gets worse when she coughs, ...
Practice
Past
- Later she suffered nausea and diarrhoea with an ...
- Two weeks ago Miss McDonald had a mild fever ...
- It began suddenly last night as a mild but constant ...
Practice
Let's rearrange the sentences according to rule 1
Today she is suffering a constant ...
The pain gets worse when ...
The pain has made Miss McDonald ...
Practice
Two weeks ago Miss McDonald had a mild fever ...
Later she suffered nausea and diarrhoea ...
It began suddenly last night as a mild but constant ...
Practice
Following rule 2:
Statements 1, 3, 4 to 6 are related to physical symptoms.
Only statement 2 is related to psychological/ emotional symptoms.
So statement 2 should be the last one.
Practice
Suggested Answer
Two weeks ago Miss McDonald had a mild fever and complained of a loss of appetite. (4)
Later she suffered nausea and diarrhoea with an occasional pain in her stomach. (3)
Practice
It began suddenly last night as a mild but constant pain all over the abdomen and caused her insomnia. (6)
Today she is suffering a constant sharp pain in the lower right side of her abdomen. (1)
Practice
The pain gets worse when she coughs, and is relieved by lying down. (5)
[Still talk about physical symptoms]
Don't forget to present them in a paragraph!
The pain has made Miss McDonald worry about having a tumor inside her abdomen. She has become emotional and cries a lot. (2)
[Psychological symptoms]
Practice
10 minutes
Symptom description
- Try to prepare the symptom description for Bob Smith
- Remember the 2 rules
- Be selective in your description
Teacher-marked writing
Generally comments on Teacher-marked writing
- Formality
- Grammar
Generally comments on Teacher-marked writing
Written discourse & spoken discourse in a continum.
written spoken
How are we going to distinguish them?
Generally comments on Teacher-marked writing
- Grammar
- Special features
- Grammar for written discourse
- Grammar for spoken discourse
Generally comments on Teacher-marked writing
- Grammar for written discourse
- Academic grammar e.g.
- academic word choice such as 'discuss' rather than 'talk', 'examine' rather than 'look into'
- passive voice e.g. 'It is believed' rather than 'I believe'
Generally comments on Teacher-marked writing
- This article examines the problems and limitations of speed dating.
- In the following, the problems and limitations of speed dating are discussed/ examined.
Generally comments on Teacher-marked writing
- Special features for written discourse
- Summarising & paraphrasing
- Citation and referencing
- Hedging by using modality
- Others
Generally comments on Teacher-marked writing
- In a short period of time, participants tend to pay attention only to the appearance. They may not focus on inner qualities.
Generally comments on Teacher-marked writing
Problems in your teacher-marked writing
It includes quite a number of non-academic (informal) features.
Generally comments on Teacher-marked writing
Informal features include:
- contractions e.g. don't, won't, what's etc
- Idioms e.g. kick the bucket, one stone kills two birds
Generally comments on Teacher-marked writing
Informal features include:
- informal choice of words e.g. guys
- rhetorical questions e.g. Are there any problems and limitation during speed dating events?
- imperative sentences e.g. Just be careful.
Generally comments on Teacher-marked writing
Why should they be avoided?
- Most of these informal features make the essay more conversational.
- Idioms: culture related, artistic style
Generally comments on Teacher-marked writing
Grammar
- Most of these informal features make the essay more conversational.
- Idioms: culture related, artistic style
Part of speech
Part of speech
What is it?
What is it?
The part a word plays in a sentence
Example: John will come to see us soon.
What is the part of speech of each word?
John will come to see us soon.
Pronoun
Verb: finite
Noun
Verb:
non-finite
Adverb
8 parts of speech
8 parts of speech
Nouns Pronouns Adjectives Articles
Verbs Adverbs
Conjunctions
Prepositions
May also include:
- interjection or exclamation
8 parts of speech
Nouns
Common nouns e.g. book
Proper nouns e.g. Hong Kong
Abstract nouns e.g. love
Collective nouns e.g. a herd
8 parts of speech
Pronouns
Subject pronouns e.g. They
Object pronouns e.g. them
Possessive adjectives e.g. their
Possessive pronouns e.g. theirs
Reflexive/ emphatic pronouns e.g. themselves
8 parts of speech
Articles
Indefinite articles e.g. a, an
Definite articles e.g. the
Adjectives
tall, beautiful
comparatives e.g. taller, more beautiful
superlatives e.g. the tallest, the most beautiful
8 parts of speech
Verbs
Finite verbs e.g. They have gone swimming.
Tense and aspect, Voice
Non-finite verbs e.g. Gerund, Infinitives, Participles
Gerund (verbal noun) e.g.
They have gone swimming.
Infinitives e.g.
I want to go swimming too. Please let me go with them.
Participles e.g. the running water, the broken chair.
8 parts of speech
Adverbs
slowly, fast
Comparatives e.g. more slowly, faster
Superlatives e.g. the most slowly, the fastest
Prepositions
Place e.g. in a room
Time e.g. at six
Location e.g. under the water
Phrasal verbs (verbs + prepositions) e.g. look into
8 parts of speech
Conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions e.g. and, but
Subordinating conjunctions e.g. when, because
8 parts of speech
Related patterns
Phrases
Noun phrases e.g. the head of the family
Adjective phrases e.g. with brown hair
Adverbial phrases e.g. the day after tomorrow
Prepositional phrases e.g. in the morning, by the river
8 parts of speech
Clauses
Noun clauses
He told me that you won the writing competition.
Adjective clauses
The girl who is standing there is a cousin of mine.
Donald Trump, who is a billionaire, has become the President of the USA.
Compare:
The news that he will move to New York is rather shocking.
The news that arrived this morning is rather shocking.
8 parts of speech
Adverb clauses
People like to go hiking when it is cool. (time)
Although he is fat, he runs very fast. (concession)
He stood up so that he could see more clearly. (purpose)
Reason, condition, place, results, etc
Word formation
Word formation
Process
Borrowing e.g. ballet
Coinage e.g. sandwich
shortening e.g. JUPAS, flu, brunch, edit
Compounding e.g. pickpocket, fire-engine
Conversion e.g. attack (v) to attack (n)
Derivation e.g. dishonest (dis + honest), treatment (treat + ment)
Word formation
Conversion and derivation
Conversion: from one part of speech to another part of speech without changing the form and pronunciation e.g. fax, love
Derivation: add prefix e.g. unhappy or suffix e.g. careful, distribution
Therefore, endings often tell us which part of speech the word belongs to.
Word formation
Some examples
Adverbs
careful(ly), quick(ly), happ(ily)
Except: silly, friendly, etc
Nouns
relat(ion), dictat(ion)
complete(ness), happi(ness)
local(ity), real(ity)
friend(ship), hard(ship)
child(hood), brother(hood)
develop(ment), govern(ment)
Others: confiden(ce), proficien(cy)
Word formation
Verbs
(en)joy, fast(en), loos(en), (en)sure, (en)danger
beauti(fy), satis(fy)
Adjectives
help(ful), use(ful)
help(less), use(less)
chingl(ish), fool(ish)
angr(y), hungr(y)
danger(ous), conscienti(ous)
comfort(able), un(able)
Presentation
Presentation
Work in groups
Do some reading and research and present what you have found in class
Duration: not more than 10 minutes
Present with ppt
Worksheets can be distributed
Week 9
Presentation
Here are some reference books that may help.
Online dictionaries:
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english
http://www.freecollocation.com/