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6
SPECIFIC
EDUCATIONAL
NEEDS
Legal Framework
LF
- Spanish Constitution Art. 27
- LOMCE 8/2013 Art 71
- RD 126/2014 Art. 14
- D 108/2014 Art. 15
- Order 20/2019 by which the organization of the educative answer for the inclusion of students is regulated
Attention Deficit and Hiperactivity Disorder
ADHD
"A mental condition that affects a person's ability to regulate attention and behaviour. "
ADHD is characterized by inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity.
General Considerations
- Gets easily distracted
- Has trouble with directions
- Is very impatient
- Has trouble controlling emotions
- Interrups/disturbs the rest
In the classroom
- Sit near the teacher
- Use visual backup
- Sit with good influence
- Avoid distractions
- Give short and clear instructions
- Use eye contact
- Emotional education
Autism
Autism
"A mental condition, present from early childhood, characterized by great difficulty in communicating and forming relationships with other people and in using language and abstract concepts. "
"It refers to a range of conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviours, speech and non-verbal communication, as well as by unique strengths and differences."
General Considerations
- Poor social interactions
- Poor speaking skill
- May have motor impairment
- Repetitive movements
Asperger
"=autism+obsessions"
ASPERGER
They differ from autistic kids; asperger does not present delays in the development of intelligence and language before the age of 3.
General Considerations
- Poor social interactions
- Good speaking skill
- Has trouble with long directions
- Obsession with concrete topics
- Controlled routines
In the classroom
- Use simple language
- Use visual backup
- Give short and clear instructions
- Use eye contact
- Prepare any change in advance and let the student know
- Noise control
- Use their "favourite" topics
Visual impairment
Visual impairment
"Difficulties to see properly" - which leads to difficulties in following the lessons.
In the classroom
- Use visual backup
- Sit near the teacher/visual support
- Manipulative activities
- Big and clear letters
In the classroom
Visual impairment
Auditory
impairment
"Difficulties to hear properly" - which leads to difficulties in following the lessons.
In the classroom
- Use visual backup
- Sit near the teacher/visual support
- Avoid sound interference
- Speak always in the direction of the student
- Use visual contact and non-verbal language
- Use a personal sound amplifier
Visual impairment
Motor
impairment
"Partial or total loss of functioning of one or more body parts"
In the classroom
- Eclectic methodology: different ways of reaching the contents
- visual material
- auditory material
- interactive material
- Availability of the space
In the classroom
Autism
Down syndrome
"Down syndrome occurs when an individual has a full or partial extra copy of chromosome 21"
Children and young people with DS share common physical features, but they do not all look the same.
General Considerations
- They express some degree of learning disability
- Difficulties in learning how to talk
- Difficulties in hearing and vision
- Difficulties in learning how to move
- Difficulties in controlling emotions
- Difficulties in focusing attention
In the classroom
- Use simple language
- Use visual backup
- Short and varied activities
- Give short and clear instructions
- Use brain breaks
- Pictures to structure what we are doing
Autism
High
capacities
"We talk about children who have natural abilities on, at least, one ability domain that is over the rest of the students of their age"
- RD 126/2014 - Art. 14
- D 108/2014 - Art. 22
General Considerations
- They need less time to process information
- They finish the tasks faster than others
- They get easily bored
In the classroom
- Individual activies
- Open-ended activities
- Projects
- Helper
Newcommers
Newcommers
= late incorporation
- D 108/2014 - Art. 23
- Order 20/2019 by which the organization of the educative answer for the inclusion of students is regulated - Art. 31
General Considerations
- Poor knowledge of language
- Social circumstances (maybe)
In the classroom
- Flipped classroom
- Motivation
- Parents' implication
- Cooperative work