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Heavenly Father, we come to you today asking for your guidance, wisdom, and support as we begin our class reporting. Help us engage in meaningful discussion, allow us to grow closer as a group. Fill us with your grace, Lord God, as we gain knowledge and discuss different topics and give opinions on each reporter's topic. And continue to remind us that all that we do today, all that we accomplish, is for the pursuit of truth for the greater glory of You, and from the service of humanity. We ask these things in Your name, Amen.
1. understand and explain the basic concepts in
personnel administration
2. define human relations and identify its goal
3. reflect on the different defense mechanism used at
work or at home.
Being part of an organization full of different and unique characteristics, behavior, likes and dislikes, needs, wants and goals in life is very challenging especially on the part of the management. Mishandling such uniqueness will lead to poor performance, unmotivated and ineffective human personnel. But once fully understood, properly address and properly given attention, organizational goals and objective will be achieve.
As a manager, learning to understand the behavior used by an employee to address a situation will help you assess the situation and give critically well thought solution. This will create a harmonious and strong team of productive and competent human personnel that strives to push the organization at the peak of success.
People of a country are an important asset for it, so is the case with organizations. The successful functioning of an organization depends on its manpower and quality of leadership. The manpower by itself does not contribute to the development of an organization, it has to be converted into human resources through systematic planning, adequate training and proper education. Without the growth of human resources called the human capital, goals and objectives of an organization can never be achieved. Human capital can be defined as the sum total of knowledge, skills and aptitudes of the people in the society. Human resources are an important part of the total resources of an organization. Though financial resources, physical resources (the work place, machinery, etc.) and technological resources are also very important, it is the human resources which are most vital as they generate the other resources.
Personnel administration is that part of administration which is concerned with people at work and with their surroundings within an organization. It refers to the entire scope of an organization’s interaction with its human resources from recruitment activity to retirement process. It involves personnel planning and forecasting, appraising human performance, selection and staffing, training and development and maintenance and improvement of performance and productivity. Personnel administration is closely related to an organization’s overall effectiveness.
In philosophical perspective, personnel administration deals with the holistic aspect of managing human resources and its relation with other human resources within the organization.
According to economicsdiscussion.net, Human Relation is the relationship between human resources of the organization. It incorporates management-employees, employees-employees relationship it also consists of relationship between the organization’s human resource and outsiders (such as clients, suppliers).
Human Resource is one of the important assets of an organization. Hence, healthy human relations lead to increased productivity and efficiency. It also plays crucial role in growth and success of the organization.
Human relations refers to the interaction of people in all walks of life – in schools, colleges, homes, business, government and so on. But when we talk of “human relations in industry’ then, in a wider sense, it signifies the relationship that should exist between the human beings engaged in industry.
As we all know, human relations is the art of getting along with people and individuals or as a group. Having good human relations is effective instrument to motivate the personnel toward the achievement of individual as well as organizational goals.
As what W.E.G. Scott say, “Human relations is a process of an effective motivation of individuals in a given situations in order to achieve a balance of objectives which will yield greater human satisfaction and help accomplish company goals”.
Human resource is one of the important assets of an organization, in that reason, healthy human relations lead to increased productivity and efficiency. It also plays crucial role in growth and success of the organization.
From the point of view of management, human relations is motivating people in organizations to develop teamwork spirit in order to fulfill their needs and to achieve organizational goals efficiency and economically.
According to Edna Omor on her blog about defense mechanism dated May 18, 2019, “The workplace can be psychological starting point of critical feedback, abrupt colleagues and sometimes micro managing supervisors. Also the workplace consists of different personalities who all have different ways of dealing with situations. This response is what Jennifer Newman calls “psychological armour” to work.
According to P. Cramer, J.H. Porcerelli, in Encyclopedia of Mental Health (Second Edition), 2016. Defense mechanisms are mental operations which disguise or otherwise modify the content of the mind and/or the perception of reality. The purpose of these mental functions is to protect the individual from being disturbed by excessively painful feelings, drives (motives), or ideas. The operation of defense mechanisms is generally unconscious – that is unknown to the individual – for the function of disguise is effective only if the individual is unaware of the deception. Because of the distortions involved, the operation of defense mechanisms may interfere with the accuracy or truthfulness of the individual's view of internal or external reality.
According to (G.E. Vaillant, in Encyclopedia of Human Behavior (Second Edition), 2012), Defense mechanisms (sometimes called adaptive mental mechanisms) reduce conflict and cognitive dissonance during sudden changes in internal and external reality. If such changes in reality are not ‘distorted’ and ‘denied,’ they can result in disabling anxiety and/or depression. Choice of defense is involuntary but can lead to enormous differences in mental health.
Defense mechanisms can restore psychological stability by ignoring or deflecting sudden increases in impulse, affect, and emotion. Defense mechanisms can provide a mental time out to adjust to sudden changes in reality or self-image. Defenses can mitigate sudden unresolvable conflict with important people, living or dead. Finally, defenses can mitigate conflict due to social learning or conscience.
This involves a person not recognizing the reality of a stressful situation in order to protect themselves from overwhelming fear or anxiety.
Example: Ignoring the fact that too much alcohol or smoking has a lot of negative effects on the body than to cut down on alcohol.
Involves a person feeling that they cannot express a negative emotions toward a particular person, so they direct those negative emotions toward someone else.
Example: a person who feels that their boss has been unfair may also fear being fired if they complain or express anger – and as result, they may later shout at a family member.
It’s a person thoughts or emotion about another person, place or thing is too troubling to admit, and so, that thought or emotion is attributed to originate from that other person, place or thing.
For example, “My boss hates me,” when it is actually the speaker who hates. A variation on the theme of projection is known as “Externalization”. In Externalization, you blame others for your problems rather than owning up to any role you may play in causing them.
Regression involves dealing with unpleasant events by reverting to patterns of behavior found earlier in development.
For example, an employee who has just been fired may cry or sulk in response.
Rationalization is explaining away an unacceptable behavior in a way that superficially makes sense, but actually avoids the true explanation for the behavior.
For example, missing a deadline for your team project. Admitting that you didn’t get it done on time because you started too late can sting.
You know what’s way easier? To say that you missed that deadline because another team was late getting you what you needed. Or your computer crashed. Or all of the above. Taking an honest look at your own faults and acknowledging how you’ve contributed to your downfall is never easy
Affiliation is when someone turns to other people for support. This person routinely calls on co-workers, family members and friends to rally behind him. Their support gives this person strength.
Humor involves pointing out the funny or ironic aspects of a situation in order to deal with it. These people often employ self-deprecating humor or poke fun at others to cope with inadequacy.
Segregating different thoughts or portions of your life.
Example, shutting out any personal problems while you’re at work or you choose not to discuss personal life issues at work, you block off, or compartmentalize, that element of your life. this allows you to carry on without facing the anxieties or challenges while you're in the setting or mindset.
This type of defense mechanism is considered a positive strategy. That’s because people who rely it choose to redirect strong emotions or feelings into an object or activity that is appropriate and safe.
for example, instead of lashing out at your employees, you choose to channel your frustration into kickboxing or exercise. You could also funnel or redirect the feelings into music, art, or sports.
Intellectualization involves a person using reason and logic to avoid uncomfortable or anxiety-provoking emotions.
Intellectualization can be a useful way of explaining and understanding negative events.
For example, if person A is rude to person B, person B may think about the possible reasons for person A’s behavior. They may rationalize that person A was having a stressful day.
Thank you for listening and keep safe everyone!