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DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting) is the process of determining an individual's DNA characteristics.
Criminal investigations
Genealogical and medical research
Parental testing
DNA can be used to identify criminals with incredible accuracy when biological evidence exists.
By the same token, DNA can be used to clear suspects and exonerate persons mistakenly accused or convicted of crimes.
DNA Paternity Testing
DNA paternity testing is the use of DNA profiles to determine whether an individual is the biological parent of another individual.
Paternity testing can be especially important when the rights and duties of the father are in issue and a child's paternity is in doubt.
DNA testing is currently the most advanced and accurate technology to determine parentage.
Genealogical and medical research
Genealogy and Medical Research
Genealogy and DNA
Genealogy (from Greek: genealogia "the making of a pedigree") is the study of families, family history, and the tracing of their lineages.
A genealogical DNA test is a DNA-based test which looks at specific locations of a person's genome, in order to find or verify ancestral genealogical relationships.
A major component of DNA technology is cloning, which is the process of making multiple, identical copies of a gene.
Cloning may bring to mind interesting sci-fi movies, but cloning also gives us pest-resistant plants, vaccines, heart attack treatments and even entirely new organisms.
DNA technology and gene cloning are essential to the pharmaceutical industry and medicine.
DNA technology is being used to help diagnose genetic diseases, such as sickle-cell disease and Huntington's disease.
Since these diseases are transferred genetically from one generation to the next, those who have such diseases can be identified (sometimes even before birth) and be treated before symptoms appear.
DNA technology is also critical to developing vaccines. Vaccines are harmless versions of a pathogen, such as a bacterium or virus.
Vaccines can be used to 'trick' your body into fighting the harmless version so that if you are exposed to a harmful version of the pathogen, you have already built up defenses.
There are many ways that DNA technology is used to make vaccines, such as altering the pathogen's genes and mimicking surface proteins of harmful pathogens.
Therapeutic hormones, such as insulin and human growth hormone, are also the result of DNA technology in medicine.