Introducing
Your new presentation assistant.
Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.
Trending searches
7
JA
R
Winning
The
War
IT
LE
Remember...
Remember
- From 1939 to 1942, the Axis Powers dominated Europe, North Africa, & Asia
- Germany used blitzkrieg tactics to dominate Eastern & Western Europe
- England was wounded from German attacks in the Battle of Britain
- Hitler broke the Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact & marched into Russia
- The German & Italian armies dominated Northern Africa, threatened the Suez Canal & the oil fields in the Middle East
Remember...
- In 1941, the United States cut off sales of iron & oil with the Japanese
- Japan interpreted the embargo as interfering with their right to expand
- The surprise attack crippled the U.S. navy & killed 2,300 Americans
- After the attack, the USA declared war on the Axis Powers & entered WWII
But, 1942 was a turning point year for the Allies who were able to win the war by 1945
ALSO
Italy
Italy
- Britain & USA agreed to fight the Axis Powers in North Africa (Stalin was angry )
- The Allies defeated Germany at the Battle of El Alamein in 1942 & then pushed the Axis Powers out of Africa
- American & British troops invaded Italy, took Sicily in 1943, seized Rome in 1944
- In 1945, Mussolini was captured & executed by the Italian resistance
Africa
Remember Ethiopia...
October 1935: Italian troops invaded Ethiopia
- Mussolini proclaimed a new Italian empire in East Africa
Mussolini declared war on Britain in June 1940.
- British possessions in East Africa were now threatened.
- Italians attacked British posts in Kenya and Sudan
- Captured British Somaliland August.
- British Commander-in-Chief Middle East, planned a three-pronged counter-offensive to dismantle Italy's East African Empire.
- His force was outnumbered, but he had air support from the Royal Air Force (RAF).
Fall of Italy in Africa
January 1941 = Lieutenant General William Platt led forces from Sudan into Eritrea.
- The Italians quickly retreated
- March = Indian and British troops won an important victory at Keren.
- British advanced north from Kenya into Italian Somaliland, while a third force crossed from Aden to retake British Somaliland by amphibious assault
- Linked up and pushed deep into Ethiopia.
April = British troops entered the capital Addis Ababa
- Haile Selassie returned in triumph on 5 May.
- November 1941 = The last Italian troops in East Africa were defeated at the Battle of Gonda.
- Several thousand escaped to wage a guerrilla war until September 1943, when Italy surrendered to the Allies.
Mussolini
End of Mussolini
Italy saw some victories against the Allies but by 1940 the Italian military was in tatters.
- Defeated in Africa and the Balkans
- Against popular opinion, Mussolini offered troops for the ill-fated attempt to invade Russia.
By 1943, anti-Mussolini sentiment had spread all over the country
- Mass strikes and evacuations
- Lack of resources = the war effort was almost non-existent.
It was the Allied invasion of Sicily and the bombing of Rome in July of that year that finally turned the tide of public opinion against Mussolini
- Fascist Grand Council voted 19-8 to remove him from power.
- In denial, Mussolini attempted to reason with the King, who responded by saying “At this moment you are the most hated man in Italy.”
After his removal....
- Mussolini was then arrested and taken to prison.
- No riots and no calls for his release
- The Italian people were sick of war & Il Duce.
- In September 1943, the Italian government signed an armistice agreement with the Allies and declared war on Germany.
- During the chaos that followed, Mussolini was freed from imprisonment
- Installed as the leader of the newly formed Italian Social Republic in the North of Italy.
- Attempted to escape across the Swiss border dressed as an SS officer.
- Recognized
- Executed by gunshot along with his mistress and the loyal members of his convoy.
Remember...
Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor resulted in USA entering war
- Battle of Midway was a turning point
- Island hopping
- Navajo Code Talkers
- Battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa
- Atomic Bomb
Japan
VJ Day: Victory in Japan
V-J Day
- August 14, 1945, Japan accepts the U.S.’s unconditional terms for surrender.
- Japanese leaders formally sign the peace treaty on September 2, on board the Battleship Missouri.
- Supreme Allied Commander in the Pacific, Douglas MacArthur accepted the Surrender for the U.S.
Stalin
1941: Soviet Union bore the brunt of the Nazi war machine and played perhaps the most important role in the Allies' defeat of Hitler.
- Germany broke the Nazi-Soviet pact
- USSR joined the Allied Powers
- For every single American soldier killed fighting the Germans, 80 Soviet soldiers died doing the same.
Russia
Brutality
Extreme brutality of Germans lead to Russians fighting harder
- Hitler wanted not only to eradicate the Jews; he wanted also to destroy Poland and the Soviet Union as states, exterminate their ruling classes, and kill tens of millions of Slavs
Russia
Operation Barbarossa
- German strategy of encirclement lead to mass Russian causalities.
- Winter set in, German's weren't prepared
- Defeat at Moscow
The Fight
https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/hitler-vs-stalin-how-russia-defeated-nazi-germany-gates-moscow-47577
How Did the "German War Machine" finally lose?
Germany
- Allied resistance
- Germany's weaknesses and miscalculations
- American assistance
American Assistance
Contribution of vast resources and manpower
&
Collaboration with Allies on military strategies
American Assistance
American Assistance
Contribution of vast resources and manpower
Before declaring war:
- "Cash & Carry" Policy -> Lend Lease Act
- Provided vital supplies to Britain
- "all aid short of war"
- Kept Britain in the war against Germany
- "Arsenal of democracy"
- US as the main supplier of the Allied Powers, especially Britain
- Started preparing its army and navy for war
After declaring war
- Contributed military resources, especially oil
Cont.
American Assistance
Cont.
Collaboration with Allies on military strategies
Control of the air
- US built up a large and powerful air force
- Combined with the British air force to strike and weaken strategic targets such as synthetic oil fields and railways
Effect = Weakened German wartime production and military strength
Control of the sea
- Protected the Atlantic Ocean against German U-Boat attacks
- Developed longer-range aircraft and large numbers of warships to protect the Atlantic Ocean
Effect: Allowed the USA to supply Britain through the Atlantic Ocean
American Assistance
Collaboration with Allies on military strategies
EXAMPLE: Operation Overlord / D-Day
- American and British forces combined to attack Nazi-occupied France
- Huge numbers of military personnel and military equipment involved
Effect: Decisive Allied victory against Germany
Cont.
German Weakness & Miscalculations
Ineffective command structure
Heavy reliance on petroleum
Inappropriate use of resources and funds
War on two fronts
Weakness
German weaknesses & miscalculations
Command
Hitler was the only person who could make major decisions.
- He often went against the advice of his experienced generals
EXAMPLES
- Change in strategy during the Battle of Britain
- Strategic decisions during the invasion of the Soviet Union
German weaknesses & miscalculations
Funds
Inappropriate use of resources and military funds
Lake of personnel
- Women stayed at home instead of working in the factories
- Germany used slaves from conquered territories to produce
Lack of appropriate weapons
- Many new weapons were developed and used without testing
- Shortage of essential equipment
- Too many types of armaments meant that factories had to produce many different types
Effect= low and inefficient production
German weaknesses & miscalculations
Oil
German military equipment needed petroleum to run
Germany had very limited access to oil
- It needed to conquer other nations
- Allied powers targeted German oilfields and synthetic oils factories
Effect = German war effort was easily crippled by Allied bombings
German weaknesses & miscalculations
War
War on two fronts
Declared war on the USA while still fighting the Soviet Union
- Divided the German military in two two fronts
- West (vs USA)
- East (USSR)
Effect: Germany was exposed to Allied attack from all directions
Allied Resistance
Reorganization of the Soviet Union
- Nazi Germany betrayed the USSR in 1941
- USSR Turns the tide of war in 1942
- Germans were cold
- Lend Lease Act helped Soviet recover quickly
- Tremendous propaganda and terror encouraged Soviet soldiers
Effect: Russian resistance from the East inflicts mass casualties in Germany
Allied Resistance
Allied Resistance
Britain
British resistance to German invasion
Battle of Britain turns in favor of Britain
- Luftwaffe shifts strategy to bomb cities instead of military targets
- RAF is able to recover, retrain, and rebuild
- Hitler loses interest in Britain and turns to USSR
Effect: With American aid, Britain eventually counterattacks Germany in the West
Coming to an End
As Russia closed in on Germany and Hitler in 1945, Hitler fled to a bunker in the center of Berlin
- Knew the war was over
- Swore he would never allow himself to be taken alive by the Russians
Hitler
April 30, 1945: Hitler & Mistress commit suicide
Legacy of WWII
Legacy
- 20 million soldiers died.
- Millions more wounded.
- Soviet Union had about 8 million military deaths, and 5 wounded.
- 7-12 million Soviet civilians died.
- China 10 million dead
- 400,000 Americans died and 600,000 were wounded.
Million die in genocides.
- Holocaust 11 million,
- Stalin killed millions of own citizens prior to and during WWII. Japanese military committed war crimes against POWs and Chinese civilians.
- 21 million refugees worldwide
Rebuilding Japan and Germany
Title
- Both counties were devastated by the war millions of civilians and soldiers were killed.
- Both were economically ruined
The U.S. was in the best position to help other countries devastated by war.
Japan
- The U.S, will occupy Japan and set up military based throughout the country after the war.
- General MacArthur is put in charge of a temporary government run by the U.S. military (1945-1952).
- While the military was in charge, the U.S. will start the process of rebuilding Japan’s cities and industry and create a new government.
Japan
Germany
- Germany is occupied by the U.S. France, Great Britain and the Soviet Union after the war.
- Germany loses territory and is divided into four military districts.
- Ultimately, the Germany will be divided into two new countries
- West and East Germany until 1989
Germany
Marshall Plan
- Secretary of State George C. Marshall developed a plan to help Europe recover and rebuild after the war.
- Over $13 billion was given to the nations of Europe.
- Money was especially given to nations that pledged to reject communism.
Marshall
Plan
Change in Boundaries
Boundaries
- After the war Germany loses territory, and other nation are restored to boundaries similar to what they had been prior to the start of the war.
- The Soviet Union annexes the nations of Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania.
- New nations of Israel and Palestine are created in the Middle East