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The theme for Sonnet 18 is that natural beauty fades, but beauty written in poetry lasts for an eternity.
Shakespeare thinks that his friend is someone with great talent and good to be around, so he immortalizes those feelings into poetry.
Sonnet 18 uses meter, (iambic pentameter) assonance, and alliteration.
"So long lives this, and this gives life to thee." (Shakespeare 14)
Shakespeare's saying his friends talent and beauty will live on as long as the poem dedicated to him lives on. The repetition of the "e" makes this sentence an assonance.
"By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed:" (Shakespeare 8)
He's saying that everything beautiful will one day fade, no matter what. He uses the repetition of the letter "c" in "chance," "changing," and "course."
Sonnet 18 contains examples of metaphors and imagery.
"Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" (Shakespeare 1)
His friend is as calm and beautiful as a summer day. He is comparing the two by saying his friend is a summers day.
"Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May." (Shakespeare 3)
Shakespeare is saying that rough winds (angry people) do shake (ruin his day) the darling buds of May (flowers) meaning, his friend does the opposite of this, and that's why he enjoys their company. This sentence appeals to the eye, because you can image rough winds shaking a flower.
“Glossary of Poetic Terms.” Poetry Foundation, Poetry Foundation, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/learn/glossary-terms.
Sparknotes, SparkNotes, https://www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/sonnets/section2/.