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Modern vs Postmodern Architecture
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Transcript
"Less is bore"
-Robert Venturi
"Less is more"
- Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
MODERN VS. POSTMODREN ARCHTITECTURE
Owami Mkefa(21FDT06), Anita Kleinsmidt(22LSD91), Cebo Hlatshwayo(19HBD99) and Reabetswe Mkhalipi(20CFD84)
THANK YOU!
What is Modern Architecture ?
Modern Architecture
- It developed between 1910 and the 1980s. However, it did not become widely popular until after World War II, when modernist planning was put into place as a remedy for the earlier inability of architecture and design to satisfy fundamental societal demands.
- Modernists feel that decorations should match the building's structure and function.
- The notion that "form follows function" in design, promoted by architect Louis Sullivan, served as the inspiration for the Modernist urge to create something new.
- Modernist architecture was designed with utility and simplicity in mind.
Strengths & Weaknesses
Characteristics of Modern Architecture
CHARACTERISTICS
- Clean, minimal lines
- Extensive roof overhangs
- Big windows and glass walls
- Open floor layouts with clear boundaries
- Modern and Traditional construction materials
- A connection to the environment outside
- Designs with an asymmetry
Identitfing Post-modern characteristics
Building Analysis
Union Building, Pretoria, Gauteng
Architect: Herbert Baker
Union Building Pretoria, Herbert Baker
That sparked controversy with its innovative use of color, materials on the surface, and artistic flourishes.
Crown Hall, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago
Architect: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Crown Hall, Illinois Institute of Technology, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1956)
According to Time magazine, it is among the most remarkable, inspirational, and significant buildings in the entire world. A building that became the College of Architecture.
The main floor of Crown Hall's column-free open layout showcases Mies' ground-breaking idea of creating a universal space that can be infinitely adaptable to changing uses.
The Palace of The National Congress (Congresso Nacional) Brasilia, Brazil
Architect: Oscar Niemeyer
The Palace of The National Congress (Congresso Nacional)
The semi-sphere on the left is the seat of the Senate, and the semi-sphere on the right is the seat of the Chamber of the Deputies. Between them are two vertical office towers. The Congress also occupies other surrounding office buildings, some of them interconnected by a tunnel.
The building is located in the middle of the Monumental Axis, the main street of Brasília. In front of it there is a large lawn where demonstrations take place
The Home Insurance Building, Chicago
Architect: William Le Baron Jenney
The Home Insurance Building "Chicago School" , William Le Baron Jenney (1885)
The Chicago building, which some consider the world's first skyscraper, was constructed in 1885 and destroyed in 1931. They were among the first to advocate for commercial structures' new steel-frame building technology. They created a spatial style that coevolved with and eventually influenced parallel advances in European Modernism.
Strengths
- Modern Building Systems and Materials
- Traditional Building Materials Employed in New Ways
- Focus on Open, Flowing Interior Spaces
- Use of Sun and Shading to Improve Human Comfort
- Use of glass and natural light is prominent
Weaknesses
- Cost-effective
- Thermal comfort
- Health-conscious
- Ornamentation
- Congruent with the environment
Advantages & Disadvantages
Using energy efficiency to update the appearance
Modern architecture offers a humungous vertical expansion leading to abundance of usable space inside.
It maximizes natural light from the sun
Advantages & Disadvantages
Alienation
Modern buildings use materials like asbestos, lead, etc.
Mass production which led to Capitalism
WHAT IS POSTMODERN ARCHITECTURE ?
- Postmodern architecture is a style or movement which appeared in the 1960s as a response to austerity, formality, and lack of diversity in contemporary architecture.
- Postmodernism is a reaction opposed to modernism's ideas, values, and objectivity (innovation of modernism). Instead, it prioritizes the diversity of human experience and multiplicity of perspectives.
- Postmodern architecture aimed to construct buildings that not only acknowledged their local history but also had a distinctive aesthetic impact by integrating a range of architectural elements and features from the Arts and Crafts movement, classicism, neoclassicism, and numerous other architectural styles.
Postmodern Architecture
Characteristics of Postmodern Architecture
Postmodern architects adopted classical architecture and combined it with modern features to create entirely authentic structures, whereas modern architects disregarded the ornamentation of earlier architectural forms. Complexity, whimsy, and irreverent playfulness are traits of postmodern architecture.
Key Charateristics of Postmodern Architecture:
- Mishmash of architectural eras and style
- Incorporation of vibrant color, occasionally in the shape of colored glass or ceramic tiles
- liberal use of classical ornamental features from earlier architectural styles, frequently combined and paired in an unconventional manner.
- Describe as playfulness, whimsy, humor, irony
- The application of "abratraction" and "trompe l'oeil"
- Forms that were distinctive and contradicted Modernism's rigid rules.
CHARACTERISTICS
Identitfing Post-modern characteristics
Building Analysis
Portland Building, Portland, Oregon
Architect: Michael Graves
Portland Building, Micheal Graves
That sparked controversy with its innovative use of color, materials on the surface, and artistic flourishes.
Neue Staatsgalerie, Stuttgart, Germany
Architect: James Stirling
Neue Staatsgalerie, James Stirling
The industrial and neon accents used throughout to give the piece a postmodern flare. This combination resulted in a ground-breaking building that could coexist alongside historic structures while still having a unique character.
Vanna Venturi House, Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania
Architect: Robert Venturi
Vanna Venturi House, Robert Venturi
The composition of the Vanna Venturi house's rectangular, curved, and diagonal elements, when integrated (or occasionally juxtaposed in contradiction to one another), unquestionably produces complexity and contradiction.
Obtained recognition for its unconventional scale and broken gable roof.
Piazza d’Italia, New Orleans
Architect: Charles Moore
Piazza d’Italia, Charles Moore
Moore turns this ornament inside out in the piazza. He transformed cultural and historical icons into a landscape by spatializing them.
Johnson's AT&T Building, New York
Architect: Philip Johnson
Johnson's AT&T Building, Philip Johnson
A symmetrical tower covered in pink granite and topped with a crown mimicking a broken pediment.
A design style characterized instead by pursuing architectural significance entered the mainstream with this visionary use of historical references.
SUMMARY OF CHARACTERISTICS
1.Complexity and contradiction
2.Fragmentation
3.Asymmetrical and Oblique forms
4.Colour
5.Sculptural and Abstract Forms
6.Materiality
7.Humor, Irony, and “Camp”
8.Traditional and Classical Elements
9.Symbolism
CHARACTERISTICS
SUMMARY
POSITIVES AND NEGATIVES
POSITIVES AND NEGATIVES :POST-MODERN ARCHITECTURE
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THE POSITIVE OF POSTMODERSNISM:
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- In contrast to the strict restrictions of modern ideals that demanded simplicity, abstraction, and simple designs, postmodernism embraced innovation.(In Good Taste, n.d.)
- Since its inception, postmodern architecture has been universally criticized and has even earned a bad reputation. To categorize something as such is to declare it to be disorganised, ambiguous, or lacking in a uniform style or shape. You can now convey the image of a person with unique taste by emphasizing the positive aspects of Postmodernism to others.(Architecture, n.d.)
- The concept of postmodernity has the advantage of challenging our preconceptions while acknowledging how society and social structures/ and or processes are always evolving. (StudySmarter, n.d.)
THE NEGATIVE OF POSTMODERSNISM:
- Since postmodern architects rarely created buildings that worked harmoniously with other structures, the fundamental critique of postmodern architecture is that the work does not adequately integrate with its surroundings.(In Good Taste, n.d.)
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STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
THE STRENGTHS OF POSTMODERSNISM:
STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES :POST-MODERN ARCHITECTURE
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- Postmodernism recognizes the fluidity of contemporary society and the changing relevancy of the media, globalization, power structures, and additional social changes. (Postmodernism, 20-)
- It questions some beliefs we make as a civilization. This may make sociologists approach research differently. (Postmodernism, 20-)
THE WEAKNESSES OF POSTMODERSNISM:
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- Some sociologists reason we are not in a postmodern era but simply in an extension of modernity.
Anthony Giddens, in particular, states that we are in a period of late modernity and that the main social structures and forces that lived in modernist civilization continue to shape contemporary culture. The only caveat is that specific ‘issues’, such as geographical hindrances, have less reputation than before. (Postmodernism, 20-)
- Ulrich Beck claimed we are in a time of second modernity, not postmodernity. He claims that modernity was an industrial society and that second modernity has substituted this with an 'information society. (Postmodernism, 20-)
- It is hard to criticize postmodernism because it is a fragmented move not shown in a respective method. (Postmodernism, 20-)
- Lyotard's claim about how metanarratives do not make sense is in itself a metanarrative; this is self-defeating. (Postmodernism, 20-)
- It is inaccurate to argue that social structures do not dictate our life choices; many people are still deprived by socioeconomic status, gender, and race. People are not as free to form their own self-identity as postmodern theorists believe. (Postmodernism, 20-)
- Marxist theorists such as Greg Philo and David Miller argue that postmodernism misses that the media is possessed by the bourgeoisie (ruling capitalist class) and is therefore not distinct from reality. (Postmodernism, 20-)
"
VS.
POSTMODERN
ARCHITECTURE
MODERN
ARCHITECTURE
- Modern architecture is concerned with establishing a connection between the material and the structure by linking to and incorporating them into the current technological period.
- Modern architecture prioritizes the form's functionality, or "form follows function." Modern architects concentrated on tearing down historical structures and constructing new ones in their place to maintain the rapid advancement of technology.
- Modern architecture acknowledges that "less is more" and seeks the beauty of design in its simplicity by eliminating unnecessary features. By revealing the materials' true character rather than adding additional layers, like painting or polishing, they stressed the idea of truth in materials.
- On the other hand, post-modernist architecture places a strong emphasis on the relevance of historical components in the design.
- They highlighted a building's function by acknowledging its significance and originality. The priority of Postmodernism is primarily on incorporating the historical characteristics and creating a distinct style to connect the structures with their local cultures and histories.
- The "Vanna Venturi House," by Robert Venturi, illustrates how postmodernist architecture introduced humor to a design by replacing modern flat roofs with pitched roofs and solid walls with glass. He argued that "less is a bore," which is to say that it is evident that the lack of complexity and visual appeal caused the buildings to become emotionless.
Contrast of Modern VS. Postmodern Architecture
Children's Museum Houston
Sydney Opera House
M2 building, Tokyo, Japan
Hotel Dolphin in Disney World.
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