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Wild Chickens
The scientific name for the chicken as we know it is the gallus galus domesticus. Their main ancestor is the red jungle fowl. Chickens are thought to have originated in Southeast Asia in (approximately) 7000 BC. In most areas, chickens can only be found in farms for human consumption. However, in certiain places they can be found in the wild as well. These places include Southern China, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, and Indonesia.
Chickens evolved in this order: theropod, Ceratosauria, coelophysoids , Ornitholestes, Tyrannosauridae (also known as the T-Rex). The T-Rex is the closest relative to the chicken we know today, and ostriches as well. Chickens were a good animal to dometicate because they were easy to capture, and there were plenty available. Humans used chickens for different things, like for cockfighting in Ancient Egypt, around the time of 1350 BC. In 250 BC, in Rome chickens were used for religious purposes.
Today
Chickens today are mass-produced for human consumption. They are used for their eggs, their meat, and sometimes for cockfighting. In the United States, chickens are genetically modified and are overfed. They are fed corn so that they can get fat, and produce more meat for consumption. They tend to be kept in gigantic sheds where they often roll in their own dirt and feces. This can cause disease to spread easily. The stress of confinement can cause chickens to peck at themselves. Such topics are controversial for animal rights activists and vegans. Animal rights activists believe that the consumption of chicken is unethical. Many are inspired to support farmers that raise free range chickens, and claim to treat chickens ethically. Others stop eating meat completely.
Sources
https://extension.illinois.edu/eggs/res08-whatis.html
https://extension.psu.edu/history-of-the-chicken
https://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-food/factory-farming/chickens/chicken-industry/
https://blogs.lt.vt.edu/chickens/2013/05/01/evolutionary-history-of-the-chicken-pigeon-and-other-birds/
https://nationalzoo.si.edu/animals/domestic-chicken
http://www.geauga4h.org/poultry/chicken_breeds.htm
Steford, Monica. “Incubation and Embryology - University of Illinois.” What Is a Chicken? - Incubation and Embryology - University of Illinois Extension, 2018, extension.illinois.edu/eggs/res08-whatis.html.
Colgate, Julian. “History of the Chicken.” Penn State Extension, 2018, extension.psu.edu/history-of-the-chicken.
Spelman, Pete. “The Chicken Industry.” PETA, 2017, www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-food/factory-farming/chickens/chicken-industry/.
Quaker, Marie. “Evolutionary History of the Chicken (Pigeon, and Other Birds) + Domestication.” The Chicken Changes Everything, blogs.lt.vt.edu/chickens/2013/05/01/evolutionary-history-of-the-chicken-pigeon-and-other-birds/.
Swisher, Margaret. “Domestic Chicken.” Smithsonian's National Zoo, 12 Mar. 2018, nationalzoo.si.edu/animals/domestic-chicken.
Harton, Eva. “Plymouth Rock.” Chicken Breeds, 2017, www.geauga4h.org/poultry/chicken_breeds.htm.