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Transcript

Electrical Vehicles

Thanks for listening !!!

Von: Baris und Mert

Content

Content

  • Background
  • History
  • Components
  • Materials
  • Electric Vehicle Configuration
  • Design
  • Manufacturing Process
  • Optimization
  • Charging System
  • Electric vs Gasoline
  • Energy Efficiency
  • Conclusion

Background

  • Unlike the gas-powered automobile, the electric automobile did not easily develop into a viable means of transportation

Background

Why?

  • The easily mass-produced gasoline-powered automobile squelched interest in the project

  • Technologies that support a reliable battery and the weight of the needed number of batteries elevated the price of making an electric vehicle

Background

  • Research from 1920-1960

  • Automotive electronics have become so sophisticated and small that they are ideal for electric vehicle applications.

Background

History

  • 1837, Robert Davidson

  • During the late 1890s, United States roads were populated by more electric automobiles than those with internal combustion engines.

History

  • The industry improved the gasoline-powered vehicle so much so that competition was nonexistent.

  • Between 1920 and 1960, the low price of combustion engine vehicles made disappear almost every electric car companies.

History

  • Batteries are more efficient and capable so every car firm has its own line of electric cars.

  • interest in electric cars in the 1960s

History

Materials

  • The electric car's skeleton is made of aluminum to be both strong and lightweight

  • Seat frames and the heart of the steering wheel are made of magnesium, lightweight metal

  • The body is made of an impact-resistant composite plastic that is recyclable

Materials

  • The motor or traction system has metal and plastic parts that do not need lubricants

  • Plastics, foam padding, vinyl, and fabrics form the dashboard cover, door liners, and seats

Materials

  • The tires are rubber, but, unlike standard tires, these are designed to inflate to higher pressures so the car rolls with less resistance to conserve energy

  • Materials that provide thermal conservation reduce the energy drain that heating and air conditioning impose on the batteries

Materials

Electric Vehicle

Electric

Vehicle

Design

  • To design an electric vehicle, it is important to match the motor-drivetrain combination to the body style selected. Various factors can influence the design of an electric vehicle such as the cost and weight of components and accessories, among others

Design

Design

Design

  • There is a diminishing rate of return as we add batteries - eventually the power of extra batteries is used up by moving their extra weight. Limit battery weight to 33% - 45% of total vehicle weight

Manufacturing

The body for the electric car is handcrafted at 3 work stations

  • First: Parts of the aluminum space frame are put together in sections called subassemblies that are constructed of prefabricated pieces that are welded or glued together. As the subassemblies for the undercarriage of the car are completed, they are bonded to each other until the entire underbody is finished

  • Second: The subassemblies for the upper part of the body are also bonded to make larger sections. The completed sections are similarly welded or glued until the body frame is finished. The body is added to the underbody

  • Third: The roof is attached. Like other parts of the exterior, it has already been painted. The underbody and the rest of the frame are coated with protective sealants, and the finished body is moved to the general assembly area

Optimization

  • Weight and climbing and acceleration

  • Aerodynamic drag and wind

  • Rolling and cornering resistance

  • Drivetrain system

OptimizationO

Charging System

Charging System

  • Any electric car that uses batteries needs a charging system to recharge the batteries

  • To pump electricity into the batteries as quickly as the batteries will allow

  • To monitor the batteries and avoid damaging them during the charging process

  • It takes about 12 kilowatt-hours of electricity to charge the car after a 80-kilometer trip.

Electric vs Gasoline

Energy Effciecy

  • Internal combustion engines are relatively inefficient at converting on-board fuel energy to propulsion as most of the energy is wasted as heat

  • On the other hand, electric motors are more efficient in converting stored energy into driving a vehicle

  • Some of the energy lost when braking is captured and reused through regenerative braking

Energy Effciecy

  • Typically, conventional gasoline engines effectively use only 15% of the fuel energy content to move the vehicle
  • Diesel engines can reach on-board efficiencies of 20%
  • Electric drive vehicles have on-board efficiency of around 80%

Energy Effciecy

  • Approximately 20% of power consumption is due to inefficiencies in charging the batteries
  • Electric vehicles generate very little waste heat and resistance electric heat may have to be used to heat the interior of the vehicle

Conclusion

Conclusion

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