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Conquest of makkah
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Conquest of makkah
BY MARIYAM JABIR
8L
About the conquest
ABOUT THE CONQUEST
The conquest of Mecca was the conquering of the town of Mecca by Muslims led by Muhammad in December 629 or January 630 AD, (Julian), 10-20 Ramadan, 8 AH. The conquest marked the end of the wars between the followers of Muhammad and the Quraysh tribe.
EVENTS PRECEDING THE CONQUEST OF MAKKAH
Events preceding the conquest of makkah
After the Treaty of Al-Hudaibiya, the Quraysh became allies with Banu Bakr and Muslims with Banu Khuza. Due to Quraysh's insistence, Banu Bakr launched an attack on Banu Khuza which enraged the Muslims. The matter was brought to the Prophet (PBUH) who gave the following options to Quraysh; 1. to pay blood money for the dead of Banu Khuza, 2. to break alliance with Banu Bakr and 3. to discontinue the treaty. And Quraysh, blinded with anger, chose the third option. This led to the Conquest of Makkah.
DETAILS
Banu Bakr attacked Banu Khuza at Al Wateer in Sha'ban, 8 A.H. The Quraysh took advantage of the darkness of night and disguised themselves and fought with the people of Banu Khuzah. Banu Khuzah sought the Holy Sanctuary, but there too, their lives were not spared, and, contrary to all accepted traditions, Nawfal, the chief of Banu Bakr, chased them in the sanctified area - where no blood should be shed - massacred his adversaries. After Quraysh chose the third option, they realised their mistake and held an emergency meeting and sent Abu Sufyaan to talk to the Prophet (PBUH), but in vain.
BATTLE
The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) ordered for Jihad after Quraysh were ready to fight. He left Madinah on 10th Ramadhan 8 A.H., with an army of 10,000 men. The Prophet (PBUH) divided the army into 4 groups and gave instructions to all that no is blood was to be shed and they were not to fight unless they were attacked in which case they would defend themselves. The Quraysh offered no resistance to the well prepared Muslim army. But only the unit, which was mainly Banu Bakr's tribesmen and some of the hostile Qurayshites, attacked and Khalid bin Waleed (RA) who was given this unit had no option but to fight. 28 men were killed in this encounter. Before entering Makkah the Holy Prophet (PBUH) announced a general pardon, forgiving all the people of Makkah except for the bitterest enemies of Islam. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) said whoever laid down their arms, closed their house doors, took refuge in Abu Sufyaan's house (who still a non-muslim) would be safe. All of Prophet's (PBUH) promise were kept and the Muslim army was absolutely peaceful. He performed Tawaf and destroyed all the idols in Ka'abah. During their destruction he recited:"And say: Truth has (now) arrived and falsehood perished: for falseood is (by its nature) bound to perish."
ABU SUFIYAN ACCEPTS ISLAM!!!
At Al-Abwa', the Muslims came across Abu Sufyan and 'Abdullah bin Omaiyah, the Prophet's cousins, but, on account of the harm they had inflicted, and their satiric language, on the believers, they were not welcomed. 'Ali addressed Abu Sufyan to go and beseech the Prophet (PBUH) for pardon and confess his ill-behaviour in a manner similar to that of Prophet Yusuf's brothers: "They said: 'By Allâh! Indeed Allâh has preferred you above us, and we certainly have been sinners.'" [12:91] Abu Sufyan observed 'Ali's counsel, to which the Prophet quoted Allâh's Words: "He said: 'No reproach on you this day, may Allâh forgive you, and He is the Most Merciful of those who show mercy!'" [12:92]
Abu Sufyan recited some verses paying a generous tribute to the Prophet (PBUH) and professing Islam as his only religion.
ABU SUFIYAN ACCEPTS ISLAM
EVENTS AFTER THE BATTLE
After the destruction of the idol, all his deadliest foes stood as captives in front of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and he asked what treatment they expected. They cried out: " You are a noble brother and noble cousin." At this the Prophet (PBUH) freed all of them. He even pardoned his bitterest enemies, only four people of the actual list were executed. History can not cite another instance of such magnanimity and mercy on the part of a conqueror.
EVENTS AFTER THE BATTLE
RESULTS
The Conquest of Makkah opened a new era in Islam. It settled the struggle of supremacy and the Prophet (PBUH) was elevated to a paramount position in the whole peninsula. After the Dhuhr prayer, the Prophet (PBUH) proceeded to the Safa hill and groups of people came and embraced Islam. The Prophet (PBUH) stayed in Makkah for 15 days and he devoted his time in teaching Islam. Neighboring tribes came and embraced Islam. After appointing a governor for Makkah Prophet (PBUH) came back to Madinah.