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PRE COLONIAL PERIOD
55
PRE COLONIAL
PERIOD
HI! KAMI ANG GROUP 9
AT KAMI ANG REPORTERS FOR TODAY'S
VIDYEAOW!!
HI BHIE!
SHEVARIE HEART ACOSTA
LEADERNIM
ANGELICA JANE CAPIZ
MAIN
VOCALIST
JESSA MAE ANQUILO
MAIN
DANCER
JUSTINE BALUYOT
MAIN
DISH
LET'S PLAY!
FIX ME FIX ME IN THE MORNING!
1. ERP CLLIAOON OREPID
occurring or existing prior to a colonial period or colonization of a given area or country; of or pertaining to this period.
SLAY
PRE COLONIAL PERIOD
ANSWER
2. UTAD
the title for chiefs, sovereign princes, and monarchs throughout the Philippine archipelago
YES NAMAN
DATU
ANSWER
3. RAYANBAG
(in the Philippines) a small territorial and administrative district forming the most local level of government
GEW!
BARANGAY
ANSWER
4. KALAN
TRUE NHAY
originally referred to a rank in the pre-Hispanic Filipino nobility in the island of Luzon, which means "paramount ruler."
LAKAN
ANSWER
5. MAHALKIRA
KORIQUE
(meaning freeman or freedman) were the feudal warrior class in ancient Tagalog society in Luzon, the Philippines.
MAHARLIKA
ANSWER
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
BY MS. ACOSTA
PRE COLONIAL PERIOD
Long before the Spaniards came
to the Philippines, Filipinos had a civilization of their own.
This civilization partly
came from the Malay
settlers and partly from their response to the new
environment.
PRE COLONIAL PERIOD
Many of these customs and traditions,
government and way of life, have come down
to the present day, despite the changes brought
about by westernization and modernization.
SOCIETY
Philippine pre-colonial society is both different
and the same as in the present. Some aspects of
the pre-colonial period have survived into our
time. The following is a description of the way of
life of pre- colonial Filipinos.
SOCIETY
MODE OF DRESSING
MALE : KANGGAN AND BAHAG
FEMALE: BARO / CAMISA AND
SAYA / PATADYONG
DRESS AND ORNAMENTS
ORNAMENTS
diadems, necklaces, neck chains, cuffs, bracelets, pectorals over their chests, anklets, belts and brooches
HOUSES
Bahay Kubo or Nipa Huts
MODE OF DRESSING
male attire was composed of
the kanggan (sleeveless jacket)
and bahag (loincloth)
MODE OF DRESSING
female attire consisted of baro or
camisa (jacket with sleeves) and saya or patadyong (a long skirt)
cordillera province
PLACES THAT STILL WEAR THESE
Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, and Mountain Province
ORNAMENTS IN PRE COLONIAL
ORNAMENTS
- men and women wore ornaments to look attractive
- ornaments were made of gold
- both wear kalumbiga, pendants, bracelets, and leglets
- examples are: kasikas, panika, and kamagi
TATTOOS
tattoos were also fashionable for some pre-colonial Filipinos; they also exhibit
a man’s war record
TATTOOS
Apo Whang-Od, also known as Maria Oggay
106-year-old Filipino tattoo artist
HOUSES IN PRE COLONIAL PERIOD
HOUSES
called bahay kubo, made of wood, bamboo, and nipa palm; it was
built on stilts and can be entered through ladders that can be drawn up
some Filipinos, such as the Kalingas, Mandayas and Bagobos built their
houses on treetops
UNIQUE HOUSES
others, such as the Badjaos, built their houses on boats
STATUS OF WOMEN
• women in pre-colonial Philippine society
had the right to
inherit property, engage in trade and industry
and succeed to
the chieftainship of the barangay in the
absence of a male heir
• had the exclusive right to name their
children
• men walked behind them as a
sign of respect
STATUS OF
WOMEN
• men were in general, monogamous; while their wives are called asawa, while
concubines are called “friends”
• in order to win the hand of his lady, the man has to show his patience and
dedication to both the lady and her parents
• courtship usually begins with paninilbihan
• if the man wins the trust of the parents, he does not immediately marry the woman, but he has to satisfy several conditions: - give a dowry or bigay-kaya - pay
the panghihimuyat - pay the wet nurse bigay-suso - pay the
parents himaraw - bribe for the relatives called sambon (among the Zambals)
MARRIAGE
CUSTOMS
PART 1
MARRIAGE
CUSTOMS
PART 2
• once he had settled all of the above requirements, he brings his parents to meet
with the bride-to-be’s parents to haggle and make the final arrangements; this is
called pamamanhikan or pamumulungan
• the wedding ceremonies vary depending on the status of the couple; but normally,
those from the upper class, a go-between was employed
• weddings are officiated by the priestess or babaylan
• uncooked rice is thrown on the couple after the wedding ceremony.
- PANINILBIHAN
- PAMAMANHIKAN
- PANGLILIGAW / COURTSHIP
- RICE TOSS
PICTURE
EXAMPLES
PANINILBIHAN
PAMAMANHIKAN
PANLILIGAW
RICE TOSS
POLITICS
Political institutions in the Philippines have theirs roots deep in the past. Long before the coming of foreign rule, the inhabitants of this country lived in organized society under a regime of law and political authority
GOVERNMENT
GOVERNMENT
The barangay was the Filipino’s earliest
form of government. It was an independent
settlement consisting of thirty to one hundred
families usually situated along a river bank or at
the mouth of a river spilling out to the sea.
BARANGAY IN PRE COLONIAL
BARANGAY
- THE NAME BARANGAY ORIGINATED IN BALANGAY, A MALAY WORD MEANING "SAILBOAT"
- THE DATU IS BELIEVED TO HAVE BEEN THE LEADER OF THE BARANGAY
- BARANGAY IN PRE COLONIAL IS BELIEVED TO HAVE AROUND 30 - 100 FAMILIES AND 100 - 500 HOUSES BUT THEN DISCOVERED THAT THERE ARE SOME BARANGAY THAT HAS A SMALL NUMBER OF FAMILY WITH AROUND 20-25 FAMILIES.
DATU
- The Datu was the chief executive, the legislator, and the judge;
he was also the supreme commander in times of war.
- The primary duty of the Datu was to rule and govern his
subjects and to promote their well-being.
- The Datu usually obtained his position by INHERITANCE.
DATU
- One could also become a Datu through display of his
prowess and valor in battle, or by proving his leadership skills or
other traits useful for the barangay’s survival.
- The Datu could be replaced if, for some reasons, he was found
incapable of leading the community and his position was
weakened.
LAWS
BY MS. CAPIZ
The early Filipinos lived under a regime of law where both written and unwritten.
LAWS
CUSTOMARY
(handed down
from generation to
generation orally)
CUSTOMARY
WRITTEN
(promulgated/spread from time to time as necessity arose)
WRITTEN
LAWS
-Dealt with various subjects such as inheritance, property rights, divorce, usury,
family relations, divorce, adoption, loans, etc.
4.6 LAWS
-Those found guilty of crimes were punished
either by fine or by death; some punishments
can be considered as torture by modern
standards
LEGISLATION
The written laws were promulgated by the
Datus with the help of elders and announced to the people by barangay crier known as UMALOHOKAN
JUDICIAL PROCESS
Disputes between individuals were settled by a court made up of the village chief and the council of elders; between barangays, a board made up of elders from neutral barangays acted as arbiter
TRIAL BY ORDEAL
to determine the innocence of an accused, he is made to go through a number of ordeals which he must pass
examples include dipping one’s hand in boiling water, holding a lighted candle that must not be extinguished, plunging into a river and staying underwater for as long as possible, chewing uncooked rice and spitting, etc.
SOCIAL STRATIFICATIONS
SUCCESSION OF POWER
& SOCIAL STRATIFICATIONS
SOCIAL STRATIFICATIONS
BY MS. ANQUILO
SUCCESSION OF POWER
In the absence if male heir, the ELDEST
DAUGHTER could become a chieftain. This
clearly indicates that women’s rights and
abilities were recognized during pre-Spanish times.
If a Datu died without any heir, the people of
the barangay choose a man to become the
new chieftain on the basis of his wisdom,
wealth, and physical strength.
SUCCESSION OF POWER
In the absence if male heir, the ELDEST
DAUGHTER could become a chieftain. This
clearly indicates that women’s rights and
abilities were recognized during pre-Spanish times.
SOCIAL STRATIFICATIONS
During Pre-Hispanic times Filipinos can be divided according to their classes.
THE MAGINOO
THE MAGINOO
The ruling class, the educated class, the royal class, and the privileged class.
It was from this class that the Datu would come from
THE TIMAWAS
THE
TIMAWAS
Made up the bulk of the barangay community.
They were free. They could acquire property, acquire any job they want, pick their own wives, and acquire Alipin.
They were expected to pay taxes (they are the only class to pay taxes) and support the Maginoo class.
THE MAHARLIKAS
THE
MAHARLIKAS
They had all the rights of the Timawa, but they are specifically the warrior class.
They were well respected. Unlike the Timawa, they were not expected to pay taxes.
They would provide protection to the barangay and were
responsible for providing and preparing the weapons at their own expense. A Maharlika could change their allegiance to another barangay by
marrying into it or by simply moving to it. This however required paying a certain amount to his Datu. A feast would be given in his honor when leaving the barangay.
ALIPIN
An Alipin can actually become free, and become a Timawa
provided he or she fulfilled the services of their masters, this process is called Tinimawa. The Alipin did not likely make any money for their services, and hence did not pay taxes. The people who bore the greatest stigma in society were the alipins who were indebted to other alipins. A gigilid of an aliping namamahay was called a BULISIK, which meant vile/awful and contemptible/disgraceful. Even lower was the BULISLIS who was a gigilid indebted to another gigilid. The only people lower than the bulislis were SLAVES who were brought from other communities or who were captured in war. They were considered non-persons until they were accepted into
the community. Once accepted, they had the same rights as other alipins.
ALIPING NAMAMAHAY
Title
was a servant that lived in their own little house on the property of their master.
SAGIGILID
ALIPIN SAGUIGUILID
Title
was a servant that lived around the house of their master.
ECONOMIC LIFE IN PRE COLONIAL PERIOD
BY MR. BALUYOT
Pre-colonial Philippine societies relied more on swidden agriculture than intensive permanent agriculture.
ECONOMIC LIFE
main source of livelihood :
• rice, coconuts, sugar cane, cotton, hemp, bananas, oranges,
and many species of fruits and vegetables were grown
MAIN SOURCE OF LIVELIHOOD
DONE IN 2 WAYS
- KAINGIN
- TILLAGE
ECONOMIC LIFE
• agricultural productivity was enhanced by use of irrigation ditches
• landholding was either public or private
• some rented land and paid in gold or in kind
• the daily fare consisted of rice and boiled fish, or sometimes pork or venison, carabao or wild buffalo meat
• fermented the sap of palm trees and drank it as liquor called tuba Livestock
• Pre-colonial Filipinos raised chickens, pigs, goats, carabaos, and small native ponies
ECONOMIC
LIFE
BANAUE RICE TERRACES
IRRIGATION DITCHES
Fishing
• Was a thriving industry for those who live in the coast or near rivers and lakes
• Various tools for fishing such as nets, bow and arrow, spear, wicker basket, hooks and lines, corrals and fish poisons were used.
• Pearls fisheries also abound in Sulu.
FISHING
Mining
• Comparatively developed before the coming of the Spaniards.
• The ancients mined gold in many parts of the archipelago and were traded throughout the country and with other countries.