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TOK PRESENTATION
16
On Faith and Perception in Science
Presented by: Iñigo Sancho, Justo Pinedo & Faustino Nelson
RLS - F.E.I.C trip to Antarctica
- Growing popularity of F.E.S. = believers wanting to prove this conspiracy theory.
- F.E.I.C will embark on a 2020 trip to Antarctica to prove the world is flat.
- They believe that Antarctica is a wall of ice that surrounds the Earth.
- This community has rejected all evidence that debunks Flat Earth Theory.
- They believe that the Earth is flat as its curvature is unpercievable to human senses.
Real Life Situation
Decontextualization
Extraction Process
- Since factors such as Earth’s curvature and rotation are not easily observable, some individuals reject them and therefore believe that the Earth is flat.
- The fact that these aspects are unpercievable, affects the production and acquisition of knowledge within this conference.
- F.E.I.C has implanted the bedrock belief = denying any evidence against their theory.
- Implication = faith affects the production and acquisition of knowledge.
*Evidence considered only when favorable and ignored if not (confirmation bias)
*Flawed structure of scientific method and blinded deductive reasoning (only accept data related to original theory)
Central Knowledge Question
To what extent do faith and perception influence the production of scientific knowledge?
Central KQ
Alternative Knowledge Question
1. To what extent does perception influence the acquisition of religious knowledge?
2. To what extent does perception influence the acquisition of historical knowledge?
Alternative
KQ
Areas of knowledge and Ways of knowing
AOKs and WOKs
AOKs:
Natural Sciences: The study of the natural world through hypothesis (faith) and observations (perception).
WOKs:
Faith: A cognitive, emotional or ethical commitment.
Sense Perception: Reasoning based on the five senses.
Relationship to Knowledge Question
Relationship to KQ
- Either faith or perception might overpower evidence in natural sciences.
- Flat Earthers' faith and perception corrupts the scientific method and thus, they search for evidence that proves their theory, affecting their production of knowledge.
Development 1
Counterclaim
Development 1
Claim: Faith and perception play the most prominent role in the production of scientific knowledge.
Counterclaim: Empirical rationality overpowers faith and perception in the production of scientific knowledge.
*To what extent do faith and perception influence the production of scientific knowledge?
Claim
- Flat earthers ignore “solid” scientific evidence rebutting their primary set of believes beliefs.
- They deny the heliocentric model for the mere fact that it contradicts their perception.
- Flat earthers seek/accept only evidence that coincides with their beliefs (expectations = clear with trip to Antarctica).
Claim
Counterclaim
- Although people can't perceive the Earth's rotation or the speed at which it orbits, most people believe that these things occur.
- Due to the amount of scientific evidence that shows that the Earth is rotating, people, thinking rationally, tend to believe that's true.
- This means that empirical rationality overpowers the believe people have in their senses in the production of scientific knowledge.
Conclusion
The production of scientific knowledge, although primarily relies on empirical rationality, has scientific foundations on faith and perception and so it is only through a combination of all these factors that a knowledge basis is created.
Development 2
Development 2
Claim: Faith corrupts the production of knowledge in the scientific method.
Counterclaim: Faith positively contributes to the production of knowledge in the scientific method
*To what extent do faith and perception influence the production of scientific knowledge?
Claim
Claim
Generalization
- Due to faith, scientific rules can be generalized to an unreliable extent.
- Cognitive trust
- FEIC using deductive reasoning.
*Deductive reasoning: Conclusion --> evidence
*Inductive reasoning: Evidence --> conclusion
Counterclaim
- All scientific laws, to a certain degree, rely on faith and generalization.
- Scientific foundations
- Patterns + faith = generalization --> scientific laws and theories.
Counterclaim
Conclusion
There are two approaches to faith:
- Faith as a way to generalize = Laws and theories.
- Conclusion --> Faith --> Evidence = Bias/FEIC trip to Antarctica
Conclusion
Overall Conclusion
- Faith and perception influence the production scientific knowledge as the F.E.I.C theory.
- However, factors such as empirical rationality overpower faith and perception in the production of knowledge.
- Faith may corrupt the production of scientific knowledge, yet also serves as its foundation.
Overall
conclusion
*To what extent do faith and perception influence the production of scientific knowledge?
- Ironically, the main flaw of our investigation is that faith and perception compromise the rationality of our research.
Link to RLS
Link to Real Life Situation
- Faith and perception influenced the production of knowledge in our RLS.
- However, these Woks influence the production of knowledge only to an extent.
*To what extent do faith and perception influence the production of scientific knowledge?
Related Real Life Situation
Related RLS
Our senses bias the way we see the world.
There is a study that shows participants an image can be seen both as a rat or as a man:
Participants were likely to be influenced on what they saw regarding the previous images they were exposed to.
Personal Real Life Situation
- As students, we are able to learn in school due to the blind faith we have on what the teachers says.
- Faith is useful in this scenarios since we wouldn't be able to learn otherwise.
- However, it is equally counterproductive if we blindly believe in everything they tell us.
Personal RLS
Bibliography
Dobson, J. (2019, March 22). Flat Earth Supporters Now Plan An Antarctica Expedition To The Edge Of The World. Retrieved March 30, 2020, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/jimdobson/2019/03/16/flat-earth-supporters-now-plan-an-antarctica-expedition-to-the-edge-of-the-world/#515c86cc5916
Sense Perception Notes - ToK. (n.d.). Retrieved March 30, 2020, from https://www.ibmastery.com/blog/sense-perception-notes-theory-of-knowledge
Human Science Notes - ToK. (n.d.). Retrieved April 7, 2020, from https://www.ibmastery.com/blog/faith-notes-theory-of-knowledge
Pryor, M. J. (n.d.). Geocentric and Heliocentric Parallax Demonstrations (Vol. 66). NASA Astrophysics Data System.
Svarrior, P., & Bishop, T. (n.d.). The Flat Earth Society. Retrieved March 15, 2020, from https://www.tfes.org/
Bibliography
More sources
Flat Earth International Conferences (FEIC). (2020, April 19). Retrieved March 10, 2020, from https://flatearthconference.com/
Simanek, D. E. (2006). The Flat Earth. Retrieved March 25, 2020, from https://www.lockhaven.edu/~dsimanek/flat/flateart.htm
Theory of Knowledge IB Guide: Part 4: IB Blog. (2020, April 16). Retrieved March 5, 2020, from https://www.lanternaeducation.com/ib-blog/theory-of-knowledge-ib-guide-part-4/
NASA, Dunbar, B. (2015, June 16). What Is Earth? Retrieved April 3, 2020, from https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/what-is-earth-58.html