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Pica

GR

Gretchen Ramirez

Transcript

PICA

EEC 3700

University of Central Florida

Annette Charles

Cierra Dowd

Gretchen Ramirez

Brianna Stroebel

Handout

Handout

What Is It?

What Is It?

  • Compulsive eating disorder of non-nutritive items (Pica, 2018)
  • Common in children older than 2 years old and pregnant woman (Pica, 2018)
  • No exact cause but associated with autism, mental health problems such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or schizophrenia, poverty, deficiency (Pica, 2018)
  • If done longer than 1 month, doctors check for anemia, intestinal blockage, potential toxicity, test stool and lead levels in blood (Bhandari, 2019)

Non-Nutritive Items

DSM- 5 Diagnosis Criteria

  • Persistent eating of non-nutritive substances for a period of at least one month
  • The eating of non-nutritive substances is inappropriate to the developmental level of the individual
  • The eating behavior is not part of a culturally supported or socially normative practice
  • If occurring in the presence another mental disorder (autism spectrum disorder) or during a medical condition (pregnancy) it is severe enough to warrant independent clinical attention (DSM-5 Eating Disorders)

Cultural Factors And Geographic Regions

Cultural Factors And Geographic Regions

-Historical Aspects point to:

a. Delayed development of the sexual organs.

b. Digestive issues.

c. Iron deficient.

d. Sexual Frustration

-People in many different countries practice Cultural PICA such as:

a. India

b. Africa

c. Haiti

-Children eat dirt/mud due to the closeness of it in play.

(Bhatia, J. K. (2014)

Cultural Example

Cultural Example

African women practice Cultural PICA to:

-Satisfy cravings

-Maintain Productivity

-Increase blood during pregnancy

-Tell sex of baby: if the mother craves ash it's a girl and if she craves dust it's a boy

(Bhatia, J. K. (2014)

Available Resources

Internet Resource: Pica for Parents https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pica.html

Internet Resource: Pica Eating Disorders https://familydoctor.org/condition/pica/

Internet Resource: Mental Health and Pica https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-pica#1

National Resource: National Eating Disorders Association https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/learn/by-eating-disorder/other/pica

State Resource: Behavioral Health Florida https://www.behavioralhealthflorida.com/condition/eating-disorders/

State Resource: The Dell Center https://thedellcenter.com/eating-disorders-therapist/pica/

Local Resource: The Recovery Village https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/locations/orlando/

English Learner Resource: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001538.htm

Available Resources

Suggestions For Positive Development

Suggestions For Positive Development

  • Environmental arrangements ex: locks on cabinets
  • Teaching alternative skills ex: throwing pica items away, handing them to an adult
  • Blocking
  • Skill building: Teaching your child how to identify nutritive food from non-food items can lessen pica
  • Behavioral reductive strategies:

• Brief physical restraint

  • over-correction: procedure that requires subject to spit out or throw away inedible item

Cultural And Linguistic Differences

Cultural And Linguistic Differences

  • For some families suffering extreme poverty, food may not be regularly available and children may attempt to ease their hunger by eating non-food substances to get a feeling of fullness (Daya)
  • In some African cultures, eating non-food items is learned as part of the culture or religious practice (Daya)

For example, in some cultures it is believed that eating dirt will help incorporate magical spirits into the body (Daya)

Strategies For Professionals To Assist A Child With Pica

Strategies For Professionals

  • Ask parents/caregivers what kinds of nonfood items the child tends to eat, in what situations and how frequently the child eats non-food items(Cole, 2018).
  • Put items the child commonly eats out of sight or locked away(Cole, 2018).
  • Have a "PICA box", which is filled with items the child is allowed to eat or chew on when PICA behaviors occur(Daya).
  • Sensory Alternatives. Provide alternate activity items to achieve sensory stimulation to reduce pica(Daya).
  • Discuss what is OK to eat and what is harmful to eat.

Modifications To Meet The Needs of The Child

Modifications

  • When activities involve items the child might eat, change them out for something the child won't eat.
  • If a lesson involves items this child has been known to eat and the items can't be changed, have extra adult supervision to assist in the lesson(Cole, 2018).
  • Expanding time for play or recreational activities during times which pica is more unlikely to occur(Daya).

Ideas To Educate Other Professionals Who Work With The Child

Ideas To Educate Other Professionals

  • Create a short information page about PICA to share with others who don't know what it is.
  • Keep a list of nonfood items the child's eats, share this list with other adults working with this child.
  • Tell other professionals the times it will be more likely to occur so they can look out for it.
  • Model how to react in the situations where the child eats nonfood items.

References

Ben-Joseph, E. P. (Ed.). (2019, November). Pica (for

Parents) - Nemours KidsHealth. Retrieved from https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pica.html.

Bhandari, S. (2019, June 27). Pica (Eating Disorder): Treatments, Causes,

Symptoms. Retrieved from https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-pica#1.

Bhatia, J. K. (2014). Pica as a Cultural Bound Syndrome. DELHI PSYCHIATRY JOURNAL , 17(1).

Cole, L. (2018, September 5)The Pica-Autism Connection: Help & Perspective.

Retrieved from https://www.autismspeaks.org/expert-opinion/pica-autism-connection-help-perspective

Daya, A. (n.d) “PICA.” The Child Psychology Service, Retreived from

thechildpsychologyservice.co.uk/advice-strategy/pica/.

DSM-5 Eating Disorders. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://

www.eatingdisorders.org.au/eating-disorders/what-is-an-eating-disorder/classifying-eating-disorders/dsm-5/.

Leung, A. K. C., & Hon, K. L. (2019). Pica: A common condition that is commonly missed - An update review. Current

Pediatric Reviews, 15. doi: 10.2174/1573396315666190313163530

Pica. (2018, February 22). Retrieved from https://

www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/learn/by-eating-disorder/other/pica

Pica a Guide for Parents. (2014). Autism Speaks [PDF file]. Retrieved from https://

thompsoncenter.missouri.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/PICA-PROFESSIONALS-GUIDE_FINAL.pdf.

Pica a Guide for Professionals. (2014). Autism Speaks [PDF file]. Retrieved from https://

thompsoncenter.missouri.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/PICA-PROFESSIONALS-GUIDE_FINAL.pdf.

References