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Histology Concept Map
6
Histology Concept Map
by- Alysha Riascos
A group of cells that have similar structure that function together as a unit.
Body Tissue
A layer of cells that covers a surface or lines a cavity or passageway.
Epithelial Tissue
Functions:Protection,Secretion,Absorption,Filtration,Diffusion
Avascular
Receives nutrients through diffusion
Attached to underlying connective tissue by a basement membrane
Thin and flat.
Location: Alveoli in Lungs and Lining Capillaries
Function: diffusion, filtration
Simple Squamous
Layers of simple squamous.
Location: Lining of mouth, skin, anus, vaginal canal, esophagus, and cornea of the eye.
Functions: regenerates and protects
Stratified Squamous
Single layer cube shaped cells with large, central nuclei
Simple Cuboidal
Location: Kidney Tubules, and Glands
Function:Secretion and absorption
Two layers of the cube shaped cells
Location: Ducts of large glands (e.g. sweat, mammary, salivary)
Function: Protection
Stratified Cuboidal
Cells are tall shaped columns
Contain Microvilli (increase surface area for absorption)
Location: Intestines
Function: Secretion, Absorption and Protection
Simple Columnar
Two layered tall shaped columns
Location: Pharynx, male urethra, lining ducts
Function: Protection
Stratified Columnar
Single layer of cells at different heights, with nuclei at different levels.
Pseudostratified Columnar
Cilia
( hair-like)traps dust particles in the air that we breath
Location: Lines trachea
Function: Secretion
Shape of cells at apical surface changes depending on whether the tissue is stretched or relaxed
Location: Uterus and bladder
Function: Tissue that can “stretch”
Transitional
Most abundant and widely distributed of the tissue types.
Connective Tissue
Functions:
Supports and binds tissues together
Fills spaces
Stores fat
Produces blood cells
Vascular (most types)
Cells are spaced
apart
Extracellular matrix
Produce extracellular matrix and ground substance.
Fibroblasts produce 3 types of fibers.
Fibroblasts
Elastin fibers- (finer fibers) Stretch
Recticular fibers- forms frame work
Collagen fibers-(thicker fibers) strength
Fills space between organs
Attaches skin to underlying structures, helps keep them in their proper place, stores lipids
Loose Connective Tissue
Loose Connective Proper-Anchors and supports tissue, stores fats, provided immunity.
3 cells types-Fibroblast produces extracellular matrix"ground substance"+fibers
Adipose cells stores fats in fat tissue (adipose tissue)
White blood cells patrol tissue to destroy invading microbes (digest)
Widely distributed, mostly ground substance loosely organized. Gel-like matrix and has all three fiber types (collagen, elastic, and reticular)
Areolar (loose) connective tissue
Functions: Cushion, support, and allow movement
Location:Deepest part of the skin, everywhere
Cells/fibers: collagen/ elastic fibers/ white blood cells
Composed of mostly fat cells (adipocytes)
Adipose (loose connective tissue)
Function:Cushion, insulator and energy storage
Location:Beneath the skin
Cell type/fibers: Adipocytes(fat cells;very active)
Supportive framework got bones. Loose network of reticular fibers
Reticular (Loose connective tissue)
Function: Structural supportive stroma, internal framework
Location:Bone marrow, kidney, liver
Cell type/fibers: Reticular fibers (looks like nets) whiteblood cells
Tightly packed collagen fibers
Poorly vascularized
Dense Connective Tissue
There are two types
Resists pulling forces generally two directions. Transfers force to bone
Dense Regular CT
Location: ligaments, tendons
Tendons → Connect muscle to bone
Ligaments → Connect bone to bone
Cell type/fibers: Collagen fibers ,fibroblast
Collagen fibers tend to go in one direction (parell)
Resists pulling forces generally in more than two directions. Provided strength
Dense Irregular CT
Location:Deepest part of skin
Cell type/fibers: Collagen fibers, fibroblasts
Collagen fibers tend to go in a scatted directions.
Supporting Connective Tissue
Firm flexible tissue that has no blood or nerves.
Immature Cartilage cell = Chondroblast
Mature Cartilage cell = Chondrocyte
Pockets where cells live= Lacunae
Cartilage
Glassy-look contains invisible collagen fibers. Firm matrix produced by chondroblasts
Hyaline
Function: Support
Location: Found between joints and precursor to bone
Cell type/fibers: Collagen fibers, lacunae
Abundance of elastic fibers in the matrix. Found in place where strength and stretchability is need.
Function: Flexibility
Location:Found in ear and epiglottis
Cell type/fibers: elastic fibers
Elastic
Less firm then hyaline and it has thinker collagen fibers
Fibrocartilage
Function: absorbs shock and keeps bones from grinded together
Location: Found between vertebrae and pubic symphysis
Cell type/fibers: collagen fibers
Osseous Tissue supports and protects;stores minerals. Produces soild matrix of calcium salt deposits around collagen fibers.
Bone Tissue
Provides structures (compact bone)
Makes blood marrow, lighter (spongy bone)
Main structural unit is the osteon
Central canal – contains blood vessels
Central canal is surrounded by layers of lamella
Osteocytes-(bone cells) found between lamella trapped in lacuna
Central canal is surrounded by layers of lamella
-(bone cells) found between lamella trapped in lacuna
Structure
Fluid Connective Tissue
Blood is a mixture of red blood cells, white blood cells and liquid plasma.
Blood
Functions:Transports wastes and nutrients
Repairs damaged tissues
Provides immunity
Produced in bone marrow
Red blood cells, that carry oxygen and carbon dioxide through the body
Erythrocytes
Infection fighting white blood
Leukocytes
Small cell fragments need for blood clotting
Platelets
Liquid part of blood transport both dissolved and elements throughout the body
Plasma
Contracts (shortens) and relaxes to move other tissues. Transforms chemical energy (ATP) to directed mechanical energy
Contracts (shortens) and relaxes to move other tissues.
Muscle Tissue
There are three types of muscle tissue
Skeletal Muscle
More than one nucleus, Light and dark bands striated
Contract rapidly; tire easily; powerful
Location: Organs attached to bones and skin
Striations. Single nucleus. Branches at the end of the cells.
Lines between the cells which connect the cells which lets them contracting- intercalated discs
Location: Heart, bulk of heart walls
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle
The cells are in sheet, single nucleus not striated
The cells also look flat like eyes called fusion
Location: Walls orgran, blood vessels and glands
Sends messages throughout the body by conducting electrical impulses
Neural Tissue
Neurons – carry messages of nervous system
Axon (long cable)- conducts nerve impluses away from the celll body.
Soma (main cell body)
Dendrite (branches)-increases the surface area of a neuron and recivce input from surrounding axon
Neuroglial cells – help neurons