CBD OIL

CONT.

HISTORY

Where did it come from?

In the report, author Barney Warf describes how cannabis use originated thousands of years ago in Asia, and has since found its way to many regions of the world, eventually spreading to the Americas and the United States.

• It is important to distinguish between the two familiar subspecies of the cannabis plant, Warf said. Cannabis sativa, known as marijuana, has psychoactive properties. The other plant is Cannabis sativa L. (The L was included in the name in honor of the botanist Carl Linnaeus.) This subspecies is known as hemp; it is a nonpsychoactive form of cannabis, and is used in manufacturing products such as oil, cloth and fuel.
• A second psychoactive species of the plant, Cannabis indica, was identified by the French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, and a third, uncommon one, Cannabis ruderalis, was named in 1924 by Russian botanist D.E. Janischevisky.
• Cannabis plants are believed to have evolved on the steppes of Central Asia, specifically in the regions that are now Mongolia and southern Siberia, according to Warf. The history of cannabis use goes back as far as 12,000 years, which places the plant among humanity's oldest cultivated crops, according to information in the book "Marihuana: The First Twelve Thousand Years" (Springer, 1980).

"It likely flourished in the nutrient-rich dump sites of prehistoric hunters and gatherers," Warf wrote in his study.

• "For the most part, it was widely used for medicine and spiritual purposes," during pre-modern times, said Warf, a professor of geography at the University of Kansas in Lawrence. For example, the Vikings and medieval Germans used cannabis for relieving pain during childbirth and for toothaches, he said.
• "The idea that this is an evil drug is a very recent construction," and the fact that it is illegal is a "historical anomaly," Warf said. Marijuana has been legal in many regions of the world for most of its history.
• Burned cannabis seeds have also been found in kurgan burial mounds in Siberia dating back to 3,000 B.C., and some of the tombs of noble people buried in Xinjiang region of China and Siberia around 2500 B.C. have included large quantities of mummified psychoactive marijuana.

This map shows how marijuana spread throughout the world, from its origins on the steppes of Central Asia. (Image credit: Barney Warf, University of Kansas )

Both hemp and psychoactive marijuana were used widely in ancient China, Warf wrote. The first record of the drug's medicinal use dates to 4000 B.C. The herb was used, for instance, as an anesthetic during surgery, and stories say it was even used by the Chinese Emperor Shen Nung in 2737 B.C. (However, whether Shen Nung was a real or a mythical figure has been debated, as the first emperor of a unified China was born much later than the supposed Shen Nung.)

From China, coastal farmers brought pot to Korea about 2000 B.C. or earlier, according to the book "The Archeology of Korea" (Cambridge University Press, 1993). Cannabis came to the South Asian subcontinent between 2000 B.C. and 1000 B.C., when the region was invaded by the Aryans — a group that spoke an archaic Indo-European language. The drug became widely used in India, where it was celebrated as one of "five kingdoms of herbs ... which release us from anxiety" in one of the ancient Sanskrit Vedic poems whose name translate into "Science of Charms."

• Over the next centuries, cannabis migrated to various regions of the world, traveling through Africa, reaching South America in the 19th century and being carried north afterwards, eventually reaching North America.

• After this really long "trip" throughout the pre-modern and modern worlds, cannabis finally came to the United States at the beginning of the 20th century. It arrived in the southwest United States from Mexico, with immigrants fleeing that country during the Mexican Revolution of 1910-1911.
• "Many early prejudices against marijuana were thinly veiled racist fears of its smokers, often promulgated by reactionary newspapers," Warf wrote in his report. "Mexicans were frequently blamed for smoking marijuana, property crimes, seducing children and engaging in murderous sprees."

Medical Marijuana

In the 1830s, Sir William Brooke O’Shaughnessy, an Irish doctor studying in India, found that cannabis extracts could help lessen stomach pain and vomiting in people suffering from cholera.

By the late 1800s, cannabis extracts were sold in pharmacies and doctors’ offices throughout Europe and the United States to treat stomach problems and other ailments.

Scientists later discovered that THC was the source of marijuana’s medicinal properties. As the psychoactive compound responsible for marijuana’s mind-altering effects, THC also interacts with areas of the brain that are able to lessen nausea and promote hunger.

In fact, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved two drugs with THC that are prescribed in pill form, Marinol and Syndros, to treat nausea caused by cancer chemotherapy and loss of appetite in AIDs patients.

CBD for PD

The endocannabinoid system is located in the brain and made up of cannabinoid receptors (a receptor is molecular switch on the outside of a cell that makes something happen inside a cell when activated) that are linked to neurons (brain cells) that regulate thinking and some body functions.

Researchers began to show enthusiasm to study cannabis in relation to PD after people with PD gave anecdotal reports and posted on social media as to how cannabis allegedly reduced their tremors. Some researchers think that cannabis might be neuroprotective— saving neurons from damage caused by PD.

CBD for PD

Cannabinoids (the drug molecules in marijuana) have also been studied for use in treating other symptoms, like bradykinesia (slowness caused by PD) and dyskinesia (excess movement caused by levodopa). Despite some promising preclinical findings, researchers have not found any meaningful or conclusive benefits of cannabis for people with PD.

Parkinson’s Foundation Centers of Excellence and Medicinal Marijuana

The Parkinson’s Foundation, in partnership with Northwestern University researchers, studied attitudes about cannabis at 40 Centers of Excellence. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to provide data on the practices, beliefs and attitudes of expert PD physicians concerning cannabis use.

The results were interesting: most experts said they knew what cannabis did, but disagreed on the details. While there is no general agreement on what the benefits might be for people with PD, the survey confirmed that cannabis is a popular subject within Parkinson’s Foundation centers as 95 percent of neurologists reported patients have asked them to prescribe it.

GRAPH

This graph shows how physicians expect cannabis would improve, worsen, or show no effect to PD-related symptoms given their expertise and observations of patients with PD.

What is legal as of Oct 17, 2018?

• Possess up to 30 grams of legal cannabis, dried or equivalent in non-dried form in public.

• Share up to 30 grams of legal cannabis with other adults.

• Buy dried or fresh cannabis and cannabis oil from a provincially licensed retailer.

• Grow, from licensed seed or seedlings, up to 4 cannabis plants per residence for personal use.

• Make cannabis products, such as food and drinks at home as long as organic solvents are not used to create concentrated products.

Cannabis for medical purposes

The current regime for medical cannabis will continue to allow access to cannabis for people who have the authorization of their health care provider.

Cannabis offenses target those acting outside of the legal framework. Penalties are set in proportion to seriousness of offense. No person may sell or provide the cannabis to any person under age of 18.

Criminal Penalties

12 Signss to keep an eye out for:

Early Stages of Development

1. Loss of smell

2. Trouble sleeping

3. Constipation

4. Masked Face

5. Mood disorders

6. Dizziness and fainting

7. Small handwriting

8. Tremors and Shaking

10. Poor Posture

11. Voice changes

12. Stiff muscles

Although they vary from person to person, the following are the six most common signs of the condition:

Six most common signs of Condition

1. Tremors or shaking

2. Slowed movement

3. Rigid muscles

4. Changes in writing

5. Impaired posture and balance

6. Speech and voice changes

Parkinson's disease has five stages. With each stage, patients may experience a progression of symptoms, ranging mild tremors movement problems in the initial stage to being incapacitated and needing nursing care in the final stage. However, the progression of Pakinson's disease symptoms can vary in patients and some may never experience symtoms associated with the final stage.

More about PD...

Parkinson's Disease Foundation

Cont. Conventional Medications

3. MAO B inhibitors: These medications include selegiline, rasagiline and safinamide. They help prevent the breakdown of brain dopamine by inhibiting the brain enzyme monoamine oxidase B (MAO B). This enzyme metabolizes brain dopamine.

4. • Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors:This medication mildly prolongs the effect of levodopa therapy by blocking an enzyme that breaks down dopamine.

5. Anticholinergics: These medications were used for many years to help control the tremor associated with Parkinson's disease.

6. • Amantadine: Doctors may prescribe amantadine alone to provide short-term relief of symptoms of mild, early-stage Parkinson's disease

Cont. Conventional Medications

USE OF CBD OIL IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Marijuana, also known as cannabis is the preparation of the cannabis plant intended for use as an psychoactive drug

• Marijuana or cannabis is used as a treatment for many illness and diseases including neurological conditions, with Parkinson’s Disease

• Cannabis or marijuana have two components: THC (Tetrahydrocanabinol) and CBD (Cannabinoids)

• The endocannabinoid system is located in brain and made up of cannabinoid receptors

BENEFITS OF USING CBD OIL IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE

BENEFITS OF USING CBD OIL IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE

• Relieves Pain: A small study of 22 individuals with Parkinson’s found that using cannabis helped improve pain. However, this study was conducted with medical marijuana, which contains both CBD and THC

• Tremors: Some of the most common treatments for Parkinson’s disease can cause medicine-related tremors or uncontrolled muscle movements. Treatment with the medicine won’t make it better — and it could make it worse.

Comparison of Cannabinoids Products

Comparison of Cannabinoids products

Common side effects of Cannabinoids

• Central Nervous System: euphoria, anxiety, panic, psychosis, sedation, dizziness, ataxia, visual or hearing effects or cognitive effects

• Cardiovascular: Tachycardia, postural hypotension, palpitations, Increased risk of myocardial infarction within one hour after use of smoking

• Respiratory (if smoked): Bronchitis, COPD or lung infections

• Others: Dry mouth, headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, decreased appetite