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Weather is the condition of Earth's atmosphere at a certain time and place.
Different obervations give you clues to the weather. If you see plants moving from side to side, you might infer that it is windy. People talk about weather by describing factors such as temperature, humdity, precipitation, air pressure, and wind.
Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is.
An instrument used to measure temperature is called a thermometer.
How does a thermometer work?
A common type of thermometer uses a liquid (such as mercury or alcohol) to display the temperature. When the air gets warmer, the liquid expands in a glass tube. Cooler air causes the liquid to contract and fill less of the tube. A scale (often in Celcuius and/or Farenheit is marked on the glass tube.
Another type of thermometer is called and electrical thermometer. As the temperature becomes higher, electrical current flow increases through the thermometer. The strength of the current is then translated into temperature readings.
Precipitation is any form of water that falls to the earth's surface from the clouds.
There are four main forms of precipitation:
Rain is the most common form of precipitation.
Inside a cloud, the droplets formed by condensation collide and form larger droplets. They finally become heavy enough to fall as raindrops.
Rain is measured with a rain gauge.
A rain gauge has a funnel or wide
opening at the top to allow rain to
flow into the cylinder.
Snow forms when air temperatures are so low that water vapor turns into a solid.
When a lot of snow falls, it is measured with a ruler or meterstick.
When balls or lumps of ice fall from clouds during thunderstorms, it is called hail.
Sleet forms when rain falls through a layer of freezing air, producing falling ice.
Air pressure is the force of air molecules pushing on an area.
Scientists use an instrument called a barometer to measure air pressure.
Wind is air that moves horizontally, or parallel to the ground. Uneven heating of the earth's surface causes pressure differences from place to place. These pressure differences set air in motion. Over a short distance, wind moves directly from higher pressure towards lower pressure.
An anemometer measures wind speed. It has three to four cups attached to a pole. The wind causes the cups to rotate, sending an electric current to a meter that displays the wind speed.
A wind vane measures wind direction. A wind vane has a large arrow with a tail attached to a pole. The wind pushes harder on the wind tail dye to its larger surface area. This causes the wind vane to spin so that the arrow point into the wind.
How do the water cycke and other glocal patterns affect local weather?